消费电子产品生产过程中挥发性有机物(VOCs)排放特征的研究

选取塑胶零件、印刷线路板及主板3类消费电子产品部件为研究对象,利用活性炭管采样,样品溶剂解吸后采用GC/MS分析,获得了各排气筒及车间内VOCs含量水平与组分特征.通过计算排放量,得出了分物种VOCs排放系数.结果表明,塑胶零件生产线排气筒总挥发性有机物(TVOCs)浓度为48.01~115.05 mg·m-3,印刷线路板为6.08~11.36 mg·m-3,主板为29.81~30.21 mg·m-3.塑胶零件生产车间内TVOCs浓度为4.23~120.58 mg·m-3,印刷线路板为1.50~2.02 mg·m-3,主板为7.01~9.93 mg·m-3.环烷烃类、酯类、苯类为主要排放物质.对于不同产品生产线的排气筒及车间废气,浓度和物种均有很大差异;对于相同产品,浓度有差异但物种基本相同.按产品分类,共计算得出了36个分物种VOCs排放系数,其中,塑胶零件、印刷线路板及主板TVOCs排放系数分别为0.626 kg·kg-1涂料用量、0.123 kg·kg-1油墨用量、0.028 kg·kg-1印刷线路板用量.通过排放量计算结果分析,3种产品中,塑胶零件生产为VOCs主要排放源,车间内无组织排放为主要排放方式.

Emission characteristics of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) from the manufacturing process of consumer electronic products

The emission characteristics of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) from the manufacturing process of consumer electronic products including plastic parts, printed circuit boards and motherboards were investigated in this study. VOC samples from exhaust pipes and workshops were collected by activated charcoal tubes and VOC concentrations and compositions were analyzed by Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS) after desorption. The emissions and emission factors of different VOCs species were also calculated. The results showed that the TVOCs concentrations from exhaust pipes were 48.01~115.05 mg · m^-3, 6.08~11.36 mg · m^-3, and 29.81~30.21 mg · m^-3 for plastic parts, printed circuit boards and motherboards, respectively. The TVOCs concentrations from workshops were 4.23~120.58 mg · m^-3, 1.50~2.02 mg · m^-3, and 7.01~9.93 mg · m^-3 for plastic parts, printed circuit boards and motherboards, respectively. Naphthenic hydrocarbons, esters, and benzene were the main pollutants. For different products, the VOCs concentrations and species varied greatly; for the same product, the VOCs concentrations varied by production lines but species were basically the same. Emission factors of 36 VOCs species for three products were calculated, among which the TVOCs emission factors were 0.626 kg · kg^-1 paint usage for plastic parts, 0.123 kg · kg^-1 ink usage for printed circuit boards and 0.028 kg · kg^-1 consumption of printed circuit boards for motherboards. Among three products, the manufacturing of plastic parts was the main emission source, and compared with organized emission, fugitive emission in workshops was the main emission route.