基于互联网大数据的成都餐饮源细颗粒物排放空间分配研究

餐饮过程排放的废气正成为大城市大气污染的重要来源之一.根据成都市2013年排放清单更新的研究成果,综合运用本地化的餐饮排放因子、排放活动水平的调查成果和成都市统计年鉴的统计数据等信息,对成都市餐饮源的PM_(2.5)排放总量进行了估算,其结果为4740 t·a~(-1).为了对区域的餐饮废气排放进行空间分配,本文抓取了互联网兴趣点POI信息.通过这些信息,对成都市的社会餐饮、学校食堂餐饮和家庭餐饮的空间来源进行了表征,对成都市生活源中餐饮污染物排放的空间分布规律进行了探索,并提出了新的餐饮源高分辨空间分配方法.结果表明,基于POI空间分配的2013年成都餐饮源单位面积年排放强度均值为0.29 t·km~(-2)·a~(-1),主城区均值为3.47 t·km~(-2)·a~(-1),全市的排放量分布区间为0~35.7 t·km~(-2)·a~(-1).互联网POI信息可以作为研究城市餐饮源空间分布的重要数据来源,在实际应用上更适于表征社会餐饮点源污染.

Spatial distribution of PM2.5 emission from cooking sources in Chengdu based on internet big data method

Cooking emission is one of the key air pollutant sources in urban area of metropolises. Based on the annually updated emission inventory study in 2013 which provided the localized emission factors and emission activity level in Chengdu, and the 2013 statistics annual report of Chengdu, the total amount of PM_2.5 emission from cooking procedure in Chengdu was estimated to be 4740 t·a^-1 in 2013. To assign spatial distribution of cooking emission in Chengdu, the point of interest (POI) data was taken from web. Based on the POI data, the spatial sources of catering service, school eatery and family cooking were characterized, and the spatial distribution pattern of air pollutant emission from cooking was explored. The results showed that the mean annual emission in 2013 intensity of all catering sources in Chengdu was 0.29 t·km^-2·a^-1, with mean value in downtown being 3.47 t·km^-2·a^-1. The range of whole city was 0~35.7 t·km^-2·a^-1. It is concluded that the POI could provide important information to study the spatial distribution of urban cooking emission, and practically it can better describe catering service point sources pollution. In this paper, a new method with higher accuracy of cooking exhaust emission was put forward.