典型煤矿城市居民区室内灰尘中汞污染季节差异及其健康风险

为了解典型煤矿城市居民区室内灰尘中汞(Hg)含量的季节差异及其健康风险,采集淮南市居民区室内灰尘样品116个(每个季节29个),利用AFS-820测定灰尘中Hg含量.结果显示,淮南市居民区不同季节室内灰尘中Hg平均含量均超出了土壤背景值,春、夏、秋、冬4个季节室内灰尘中Hg平均含量分别是背景值的21、5、6、27倍,冬季和春季室内灰尘中Hg含量显著高于夏季和秋季.淮南市居民区室内灰尘中Hg主要受燃煤影响,尤其冬季和春季.Hg富集水平和污染程度的季节差异规律均表现为:冬季春季秋季夏季,且4个季节室内灰尘中Hg的污染程度均超过了中度污染.Hg的4种暴露途径的暴露量和健康风险均呈现出:Hg蒸汽吸入手-口摄入皮肤接触呼吸吸入,Hg蒸汽吸入和手口摄入暴露途径的暴露量和非致癌风险要高于其他途径3~4个数量级,且儿童和成人4个季节的总非致癌风险总和达到了0.248和0.135,存在着一定潜在风险.

Seasonal variability and health risk assessment of mercury in indoor dust from residential areas in coal-mining city

To understand the seasonal variability characteristics and health risk of mercury (Hg) in indoor dust from residential areas in coal-mining city, 116 indoor dust samples (29 samples of each season) were collected in residential areas of Huainan City, and the Hg contents were determined using AFS-820. The results showed that, the average Hg contents in indoor dust of different seasons (spring, summer, autumn, winter) were significantly elevated, with the mean values of 21, 5, 6, 27 times the background values, respectively. The Hg contents of indoor dust in winter and spring are significantly higher than summer and autumn. The Hg contents in indoor dust from residential areas are mainly affected by combustion and exploitation of coal, especially in winter and spring. The enrichment factor and geo-accumulation index values for Hg in indoor dust of four seasons in Huainan city decreased in the order of winter > spring > autumn > summer, and the pollution intensity of Hg in indoor dust of four seasons are all more than the moderate pollution. The average daily exposure dose and hazard quotient of Hg in indoor dust of Huainan city is characterized by inhalation of Hg vapor > hand-to-mouth ingestion > dermal contact > respiratory inhalation. The exposure dose and non-carcinogenic risks of inhalation of Hg vapor and hand-to-mouth ingestion are higher an order of magnitude of 3 to 4 than the other exposure pathway, and the total non-carcinogenic risk for children and adults were 0.248 and 0.135, and have some degree potential health risk for residents.