基于本地污染源调查的杭州市大气污染物排放清单研究

基于实地调查数据并辅以统计数据,采用物料衡算法和排放因子法,估算了杭州市2015年大气污染物排放清单,并选取经纬度坐标、路网、航道、土地类型和人口等数据作为权重因子,研究了该地区各类排放源污染物排放空间分布特征.结果表明,杭州市2015年SO_2、NO_x、CO、VOCs、PM_(10)、PM_(2.5)和NH_3年排放总量分别为22.20×10~3、108.17×10~3、192.10×10~3、134.94×10~3、78.12×10~3、27.65×10~3和59.75×10~3t.工业源是杭州市SO_2排放的主要来源,移动源对NO_x和CO的排放贡献最为显著,扬尘源是杭州市PM_(10)和PM_(2.5)排放的最主要来源,其次为工业源;VOCs排放的主要来源依次为工业源、天然源和移动源;NH_3排放主要来自农业源.从空间分布来看,排放主要集中在中心城区及其周边的萧山、下沙、大江东、余杭和富阳等工业企业相对密集的区域.本研究建立的排放清单在污染源覆盖范围和排放因子方面仍然存在一定的不确定性,建议在后续研究中重点开展低、小、散企业及本地化排放因子调查研究工作,进一步提升大气污染物排放清单的准确度.

Air pollutant emission inventory based on local emission source surveys in Hangzhou,China

Mass balance and emission factor approaches were utilized to develop emission inventory for the year of 2015 with field survey and statistic data analysis in Hangzhou City. The spatial characteristics were investigated by analyzing the road traffic flow,fairway traffic capacity,land use type,population density and geographic coordinates of point sources. Results showed that total emissions of SO₂,NO_x,CO,VOCs,PM₁₀,PM_2.5,and NH₃ in Hangzhou City were about 22.20×10³,108.17×10³,192.10×10³,134.94×10³,78.12×10³,27.65×10³ and 59.75×10³ t,respectively. Industrial production was the largest SO₂ contributor. NO_x and CO emissions were mainly derived from mobile sources. Fugitive dust and industrial production were the two largest contributors for PM₁₀ and PM_2.5 emissions. VOCs emission was dominated by natural sources,industrial production and mobile sources. NH₃ emission was mainly from agricultural source. Emissions were concentrated in the central urban area and its surrounding counties such as Xiaoshan,Xiasha,Dajiangdong,Yuhang and Fuyang with relatively concentrated industrial enterprises. The emission inventory in the study has uncertainties in terms of pollution source coverage and emission factors,and more fundamental studies on small enterprises and investigation of local emission factors are needed to improve emission inventory in the future.