江汉湖群典型湖泊生态系统健康评价——以梁子湖、洪湖、长湖、斧头湖、武湖为例

湖泊生态系统健康评价对湖泊生态健康状况评定、环境问题诊断和湖泊生态系统管理具有重要意义.根据江汉湖群实际情况和生态特点,选取江汉湖群五大湖泊—梁子湖、长湖、洪湖、斧头湖和武湖为研究对象,采用野外调查、资料收集并结合GIS技术的研究方法,从生物、水质、生境特征及生态压力4个方面选择15个代表性评价指标,构建江汉湖群典型湖泊生态系统健康评价指标体系,并利用基于模糊综合评价模型的评价方法,对江汉湖群五大湖泊生态系统健康进行评价.结果表明,江汉湖群五大湖泊生态健康综合评价得分值为5.47~7.46,梁子湖得分最高,其余依次为斧头湖、洪湖、长湖和武湖.从湖泊生态系统健康等级看,五大湖泊中梁子湖和斧头湖处于比较健康状态,而洪湖、长湖和武湖处于亚健康状态.通过实例分析表明,本研究建立的湖泊生态系统健康评价方法能够较客观系统地评价江汉湖群生态系统健康状况,具有较高的可行性和可靠性,可作为江汉湖群健康诊断的评价方法.本文研究结果可为江汉湖群的分类管理提供较为重要的参考依据.

Assessment of ecosystem health of typical lake wetland in the Jianghan lake group:A case study of Liangzi Lake, Honghu Lake, Changhu Lake, Futou Lake and Wuhu Lake

Health assessment of lake ecosystem is the basis of lake environmental management and ecosystem control. According to the ecological characteristics of Jianghan lake group, fifteen evaluation indexes were selected from the four aspects of aquatic life, water quality, habitat characteristics and ecological pressure to construct evaluation index system through field investigation, data collection and using GIS technology. The ecosystem health of five lakes in Jianghan lake group was evaluated using the method of fuzzy comprehensive evaluation. The results showed that the five lakes in Jianghan lake group were not in good health and the evaluation score of ecosystem health was between 5.47 and 7.46. Only Liangzi Lake and Futou Lake were in a relatively healthy state, and Honghu Lake, Changhu Lake and Wuhu Lake were in the state of sub-health. Our results indicated that the method of lake ecosystem health assessment used in this study is objective and scientific on evaluating the health of lake ecosystem, and can be used as an evaluation method for health assessments of Jianghan lake group. Our results also provide a reference for the classification management for the five studied lakes.