深圳市大鹏新区生态保护红线划定技术方法研究

生态保护红线是环境保护管理方法的一种创新,目前的研究多是针对生态功能和敏感性划定空间红线,对环境质量和资源承载能力的考虑相对较少.本文以深圳市大鹏新区为研究对象,在保障区域生态红线的性质不变、功能不降和面积不减的基础上,分别从环境质量红线、生态功能保障红线和资源利用3个方面开展生态保护红线的划分.结果表明:生态功能保障红线与生态控制线基本吻合,环境质量红线包括水环境容量利用红线和大气环境容量红线,其中,水环境容量红线为CODCr、NH3-N、TN和TP可利用的环境容量,分别为720.5、36.4、67.5和6.67t·a-1;大气环境容量红线为轨道交通分担50%的运力时,机动车为20000辆·d-1.资源利用红线为大鹏新区的最适旅游承载力,为18555人次·d-1,即677.3万人次·a-1.划分结果较好地反映了大鹏新区经济发展的自然和环境制约,可以为大鹏当地经济发展和环境保护管理提供相应的技术支持.

Method of ecological essential line division in Dapeng New District, Shenzhen

The ecological essential line is an innovation for environmental protection management. Most of the current studies are focused on the ecological function and sensitivity, while the environmental quality and environmental carrying capacity are seldom considered. Taking Dapeng New District, Shenzhen City as an example, the ecological essential line were divided considering the environmental quality, ecological function and resource utilization based on the principles for no change in characteristics and no reduction in functions and areas of the ecological safeguard regions. According to the results, the ecological function safeguard red line is close to the ecological control line. The red line of environmental quality includes water and air environmental capacity limits. The water environmental capacity limits of COD_Cr, NH₃-N, TN and TP are 720.5 t·a^-1, 36.4 t·a^-1, 67.5 t·a^-1 and 6.67 t·a^-1. When the ratio of rail transit is 50%, the limit of the automobile quantity is 20000 per day for air environmental capacity limits. For the resource utilization red line, the most ideal travelling capacity is 18555 persons times per day, i.e., 6.77 million persons times per year. The results reflect the natural and environmental limits of Dapeng New District, and show that the red line division is a very useful technical support for its economic development and environmental protection management.