焦化废水活性污泥法处理中微型动物群落及其与处理性能之间的关系

为了分析难降解焦化废水活性污泥法处理中的微型动物群落特征,本研究考察了活性污泥法焦化废水处理厂中的微型动物群落,分析了其与处理性能之间的相互关系.结果发现,本研究共采集的64个水样中,鉴别出28个种属微型动物,其中,原生动物27种(22种纤毛虫、4种鞭毛虫、1种有壳变形虫),1个类群微型后生动物.固着型和匍匐型纤毛虫为共优势群,固着型小口钟虫(Vorticella microstoma)为绝对优势种.除小口钟虫(V.microstoma)(出现频率100%)外,出现频率较高的种类还有轮虫(rotifers)(97%)、沟钟虫(Vorticella convallaria)(69%)等.与常规废水活性污泥法处理系统相比,焦化废水处理系统中的微型动物种类和数量相对偏低.相关性分析结果表明,生物学参数与出水水质、运行参数间存在着不同的相关性.其中,累枝虫属(Epistylis spp.)与出水氨氮(r=-0.740,p0.01)、氰化物(r=0.509,p0.05)和DO(r=0.514,p0.05)存在着显著的相关性;吸管虫属(Podophrya spp.)与硝化效率呈显著负相关(p0.05),它们可作为系统处理性能参数的指示微生物;其他种属与出水水质和运行参数间的相关性不显著(p0.05).因子分析揭示了与系统相关联的潜在的重要影响因素,以及某些微型动物种属间存在的相互关系.

Microfauna communities and their relationship with the performance of an activated sludge system for coking wastewater treatment

The microfauna community and its relationship with wastewater treatment performance were investigated to understand the characteristics of microfauna communities in activated sludge process at a full-scale coking wastewater treatment plant. 28 taxa of protozoa and micro-metazoa(including 22 species of ciliates,4 species of flagellates,1 species of testate amoebae,and 1 group of micro-metazoa) were identified in 64 mixed liquor samples. Results show that sessile and crawling ciliates are two major groups,and especially the sessile Vorticella microstoma is the dominant species. Besides V.microstoma(100%),rotifers(97%) and Vorticella convallara(69%)were also observed frequently during the studied period. Compared with the conventional wastewater treatment system,the population and abundance of the microfauna in the activated sludge system for coking wastewater treatment are relatively low. The correlations between biological parameters with the effluent and operational parameters are different. The abundance of the Epistylis spp. is significantly correlated with the effluent quality of NH₄⁺-N(Pearson's r=-0.740,p <0.01),CN^-(r=0.509,p <0.05) and DO(r=0.514,p <0.05);meanwhile,the Podophrya spp. was remarkably negatively related to nitrification(p <0.05),suggesting that these species can be bioindicators of performance of the activated sludge system; However,no significant correlations between other taxa,and the quality of the final effluent and operation parameters are found(p >0.05). Factor analysis revealed some potential factors which would play an important role in the system,and the relationship of interspecies of the microfauna.