湖北家电拆解业溴系阻燃剂在不同介质中的分布及危害

含有多溴联苯（PBBs）和多溴二苯醚（PBDEs）的废旧家电，在拆解利用过程中这两类物质若释放到环境中会导致环境和职业卫生危害.通过检测湖北省5家定点拆解企业拆解下来的塑封料、含铅玻璃、废线路板（WPB）、填充物和废塑料5类拆解件及拆解车间废气、环境空气、降尘样、飞灰4个不同环境介质中的PBBs和PBDEs含量和组分，了解拆解零部件中该类污染物的存在现状，并评估作业场所的环境状况及作业工人的职业暴露风险.结果表明，拆解件中仅10.7%的废线路板中检出PBDEs，含量为9955~26519 mg·kg^-1.各车间环境介质样品中的PBBs成分以PPB-209为主，PBBs最高含量为0.291 mg·g^-1，PBDEs以BDE-209为主，PBDEs含量最高的是洗衣机拆解车间和电视机/电脑拆解车间.环境空气中PBDEs暴露量最高和最低的分别是洗衣机拆解车间和冰箱/空调拆解车间，应加强洗衣机拆解车间环境空气的改善和监控.

Distribution and harm of bromine flame retardants in different media in Hubei household appliance dismantling industry

Polybrominated biphenyls (PBBs) and polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs), contained in waste household appliances, if released into the environment during disassembly and utilization processes, will result in environmental and occupational health hazards. In this study, the content and composition of PBBs and PBDEs were collected and measured from five types of dismantled parts including plastic packaging materials, leaded glass, waste printed circuit boards (WPB), fillers and waste plastics derived from five designated dismantling enterprises in Hubei. In addition, the pollutants in four environmental media (exhaust gas, ambient air, dust sample and fly ash) in the disassembly workshops of these enterprises were investigated to evaluate the occupational exposure risks. The results showed that PBDEs were detected in only 10.7% of the WPB in the dismantled parts, with a concentration of 9955~26519 mg·kg^-1. The PBBs in the environmental media of each workshop are mainly PPB-209, with the highest concentration of 0.291 mg·g^-1. The BDE-209 predominates the PBDEs, with the highest concentration being found in the disassembly workshops for washing machine and TV/computer. The highest and lowest exposures of PBDEs are observed in the washing machine disassembly workshop and the refrigerator/air conditioner disassembly workshop, respectively. Therefore, the air condition in the washing machine disassembly workshop should be monitored and improved.