中国正规、非正规生活垃圾填埋场地下水中典型污染指标特性比较分析

本研究基于1991—2018年期间的相关报道,通过单因子和內梅罗指数法、地下水质量评分法等方法及SPSS 24.0和Origin 2017等分析软件分别对我国正规、非正规生活垃圾填埋场地下水中的主要污染指标进行了评价,通过累计污染负荷比法分别对其进行了识别,并分析了正规与非正规填埋场地下水的污染特征与差异,以期为我国不同类型的生活垃圾填埋场地下水污染的修复和治理提供指导.结果表明:我国正规生活垃圾填埋场地下水中已报道检出污染指标共计89种,非正规共计93种;其中在非正规填埋场地下水中,有机物、无机盐以及重金属污染指标的数量都较之正规的更多.正规、非正规生活垃圾填埋场地下水中普遍性、局部性和点源性的主要污染指标差异明显,虽然两种不同类型的填埋场地下水中均普遍存在有机物(高锰酸盐指数)、无机盐(氨氮、氯化物、硝酸盐氮)和重金属(铁)污染指标,但是在非正规填埋场地下水中还普遍含锰和砷,局部含汞;在正规填埋场地下水中,普遍含汞,局部含锰.同时,我国正规、非正规生活垃圾填埋场地下水质量综合评分F值分别为7.69和8.11,都属于极差级别,表明无论是正规还是非正规填埋场,其地下水都已受到了严重污染,其中非正规的污染程度明显高于正规的.因此,生活垃圾填埋场对地下水的污染应引起社会的关注,尤其应加强对非正规生活垃圾填埋场地下水污染的修复和治理.

Comparison of the characteristics of typical pollutants in the groundwater between sanitary and non-sanitary landfills in China

In order to give a basis for the assessment, the remediation and the control of groundwater contamination, the groundwater pollution indexes from sanitary and non-sanitary municipal solid waste landfills (MSWLs) were evaluated by cumulative pollution load ratio. the groundwater quality near the sanitary and non-sanitary MSWLs were assessed with Nemero index method and grading methods, and analysis software such as SPSS 24.0 and Origin 2017. the characteristics of typical pollution indexes in the groundwater between sanitary and non-sanitary MSWLs in China were compared and analyzed based on authors'' survey and related reports from 1991 to 2018. The results show that there were 89 groundwater pollution indexes in sanitary MSWLs, and 93 in non-sanitary MSWLs. Compared to the sanitary MSWLs, more groundwater pollution indexes were detected and reported near the non-sanitary MSWLs. There were significant differences for the widespread, the local and the point groundwater pollution indexes between sanitary MSWLs and non-sanitary MSWLs. The organic matter (permanganate index), inorganic salt (ammonia nitrogen, chloride and nitrate nitrogen) and heavy metal (iron) were the widespread pollution indexes in the groundwater near both sanitary and non-sanitary MSWLs. Moreover, manganese and arsenic were the widespread pollution indexes and mercury was the local pollution index in the groundwater near non-sanitary MSWLs. However, mercury was the widespread pollution index and manganese was the local pollution index in the sanitary MSWLs. The comprehensive scores of groundwater quality near the sanitary and non-sanitary MSWLs were 7.69 and 8.11, respectively, which indicates that the groundwater had been seriously polluted. The contamination extent of groundwater near the non-sanitary MSWLs was higher than that of the sanitary MSWLs. Therefore, the public should pay more attention to groundwater pollution near MSWLs, especially on the non-sanitary MSWLs. It is suggested that the remediation and control of groundwater pollution near non-sanitary MSWLs should be strengthened.