2010年广州亚运会期间灰霾天气分析

使用广州地区气象资料,重点研究了 2010 年广州亚运会期间的灰霾天气特征. 结果发现,2010 年 11 月广州出现灰霾天气 5 d,较近年平均水平明显偏少,但 2008—2010 年的污染气象条件分析表明,2010 年的扩散条件较 2008 和 2009 年均较差,说明 2010 年广州亚运会前期的各项减排措施取得了明显成效. 作为对照,自 20 世纪 80 年代初开始,广州地区的能见度急剧恶化并导致灰霾天数增加,每年 10 月至次年 4 月的旱季灰霾天数较多,改革开放以来,每年 11 月份的灰霾天气大幅增加,并于 1994 和1999 年分别出现了最多的17 d. 2000 年以后,11 月份灰霾天气最多为 12 d,出现在 2005 年; 最少为 3 d,分别出现在 2002 和 2003 年. 广州市空气质量逐年恶化的趋势不容乐观,珠江三角洲复合型新型空气污染日趋严重的态势非常严峻; 且区域性特征明显,治理难度加大; 广州周边的佛山、清远、东莞、江门的灰霾天气都比广州多,对广州治理灰霾天气形成了压力. 因而 2010 年 11 月灰霾天气的明显减少,更说明区域联动、机动车单双号限行、重点工业污染源调控、严控垃圾秸秆焚烧等减排措施效果明显.

Investigation on hazy weather during the Guangzhou 2010 Asian Games

The characteristics of hazy weather during the Guangzhou 2010 Asian Games were analyzed using local meteorological data. Five hazy days were observed in November 2010, which frequency lower than the average level of recent years. An analysis of meteorological pollution conditions indicated that the dispersion conditions in 2010 were worse than those in 2008 and 2009. This implied that the emission reduction measures put in place prior to the Asian Games had been effective. As a comparison, since the early 1980s, visibility in Guangzhou has sharply degraded with increasing numbers of haze days. The hazy days mainly appeared in the dry season from October to April. Since the reform and opening-up of China, November had seen an increasing number of hazy days, with the highest reaching 17 days in 1994 and 1999. In the years after 2000, the number of haze days in November peaked at 12 days in 2005 and the lowest number was only 3 days observed in 2002 and 2003. The worsening trend of air quality in Guangzhou is of great concern and the air pollution complex is getting more serious in the Pearl River Delta. The prominent regional feature has increased management difficulties in air pollution control. Cities neighboring with Guangzhou, such as Foshan, Qingyuan, Dongguan, and Jiangmen, had more occurrences of hazy weather than Guangzhou, complicating pollution control in Guangzhou. In summary, the significant decrease in hazy days in November 2010 suggested the effectiveness of various control measures, such as region-wide emission control, odd-even car ban, managing major industrial pollution sources, and banning open burning of waste and crop residues.