低影响开发建筑小区雨水控制效果监测与评估

以某新建建筑小区为研究对象，通过构建低影响开发雨水排水系统，实现了雨水径流总量减排和峰值削减的多目标控制。采用同场次降雨对比分析的方法，在该小区6个排口（A~F）分别设置监测点，并选择下垫面类型组成相似的传统建筑小区排口（G）作为对比监测点。通过7场典型降雨监测数据的分析表明:与传统建筑小区相比，低影响开发建筑小区场次雨水径流外排总量削减率为12.1%~100%，场次雨水径流污染物（以SS计）总量削减率为69.6%~100%，峰值削减率为12.3%~100%。通过建立数学模型对典型年降雨数据进行了连续模拟，结果表明:低影响开发建筑小区平均径流外排总量削减率为77.3%，污染物总量削减率为66.4%。因此，监测和模拟结果均表明低影响开发雨水系统可有效控制雨水径流的外排总量和污染负荷。研究结果可为我国今后海绵型建筑小区建设提供技术支撑。

MONITORING AND EVALUATION OF STORMWATER CONTROL EFFECT VIA LOW-IMPACT DEVELOPMENT IN RESIDENTIAL DISTRICTS

A new residential district developed via low impact development (LID) was selected as the research project, the multi-target control effect of total runoff volume and peak flow rate was achieved. The method of comparative analysis under the same rainfall event was adopt, six monitoring sites were selected at each outlet (A to F) in the LID residential district, and an outlet (G) from traditional residential district was selected as the comparison monitoring site, which had similar underlying surface types with the LID residential district. The monitoring results via seven typical rainfall events showed that: compared with traditional residential district, the LID residential district's runoff discharge total volume was decreased by 12.1%~100%, while the pollutant reduction rate was 69.6%~100% and the peak flow reduction rate was 12.3%~100%. By continuous modeling of typical annual rainfall data, the results showed that reduction rate of total runoff discharge volume was 77.3%, and that of pollutants was 66.4%. Therefore, both monitoring and modeling results indicated that the LID residential district could effectively control the total discharge of runoff and pollution load. The above research results could provide technical support for the development of sponge-residential district.