干旱寒冷地区氧化沟工艺活性污泥的菌群结构研究

为了探讨新疆干旱寒冷地区城市污水厂活性污泥的菌群结构特征，采用高通量测序技术对北疆5座城市污水厂活性污泥进行菌群分析。结果表明:5座污水厂基本可以达到各自的设计出水标准，其中3座污水厂运行中出现了污泥丝状膨胀。变形菌门（Proteobacteria）、拟杆菌门（Bacteroidetes）和绿弯菌门（Chloroflexi）是活性污泥的优势细菌门，相对丰度分别为30.65%~43.12%、21.15%~33.64%和5.02%~14.36%。放线菌门（Actinobacteria）在沉降性能良好的污泥中相对丰度为2.97%~6.17%，而在丝状膨胀污泥中相对丰度达到11.69%~15.64%。季节性膨胀污泥中微丝菌属（Microthrix）和黄杆菌属（Flavobacterium）相对丰度呈现出季节性变化，常年膨胀的污泥中腐螺旋菌属（Saprospiraceae_norank）为优势细菌属，相对丰度达到17.48%~18.30%。子囊菌门（Ascomycota）是丝状污泥膨胀中的优势真菌门，相对丰度达到56.60%~72.68%。研究结果可对干旱寒冷地区污水厂运行调控提供理论支撑。

MICROBIAL COMMUNITY STRUCTURE OF ACTIVATED SLUDGE IN OXIDATION DITCH PROCESS IN ARID AND COLD REGION

To understand the microbial community structure of activated sludge wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) in arid and cold regions of Xinjiang, illumina high throughput sequencing technology was used to analyze the microbial community structure of activated sludge from five WWTPs in northern Xinjiang. The results showed that all of the WWTPs could basically reach their respective effluent standards, and three of them occurred filamentous sludge bulking. Proteobacteria, Bacteroidetes and Chloroflexi were the dominant bacterial phyla of activated sludge, comprising 30.65%~43.12%, 21.15%~33.64% and 5.02%~14.36% of the total abundance, respectively. The relative abundance of Actinobacteria was 2.97%~6.17% in non~bulking sludge and was 11.69%~15.64% in bulking sludge. The relative abundance of Microthrix and Flavobacterium in seasonally bulking sludge showed seasonal changes. Saprospiraceae_norank was the dominant genus in the perennial bulking sludge, with the relative abundance reaching 17.48%~18.30%. Ascomycota was the dominant fungal phylum in filamentous sludge bulking, with a relative abundance of 56.60%~72.68%. The research results could provide theoretical support for the operation regulation of WWTPs in arid and cold regions.