嘉兴地区农村生活污水时空分布及处理设施现状分析

研究选取嘉兴市下辖农村的160座生活污水处理设施进出水为研究对象，分析了区域农村生活污水污染物时空分布特征及其处理设施现状，以期提高处理设施效率。结果表明:嘉兴市农村生活污水中氮、磷污染较有机污染更严重，ρ（COD）、ρ（TP）、ρ（TN）、ρ（NH₄+-N）年均值分别为142.23，4.02，44.19，27.74 mg/L，各污水处理设施处理效果有很大优化空间，COD、TP、TN、NH₄+-N年均去除率分别为50.5%、29.7%、36.8%、51.7%。农村生活污水空间上呈自西向东、由北至南逐渐减小的分布特征，时间上表现为冬季 > 春季 > 秋季 > 夏季。相关性分析表明，COD、TP、TN、NH₄+-N之间呈极显著正相关（P<0.01），相关系数为0.688±0.946。设施进水C/N、NH₄+-N/TN年均值分别为3.21、68.9%，传统的单一A2/O处理工艺对低碳源污水处理效果不理想，可通过组合工艺设计、规范运营管理、加强后期监测等有效措施来进一步加强污水处理设施处理效果。

ANALYSIS OF TEMPORAL AND SPATIAL DISTRIBUTION OF RURAL DOMESTIC SEWAGE AND STATUS OF TREATMENT FACILITIES IN PLAIN RIVER NETWORK AREA

The study selected 160 inlet and outlet water treatment facilities in rural areas under Jiaxing City as the research object, and analyzed the spatial and temporal distribution characteristics of rural domestic sewage pollutants and the status of treatment facilities in order to improve the efficiency of treatment facilities. The results showed that the nitrogen and phosphorus pollution in rural domestic sewage in Jiaxing was more serious than organic pollution. The annual average values of ρ(COD), ρ(TP), ρ(TN) and ρ(NH₄+-N) were 142.23, 4.02, 44.19 and 27.74 mg/L, respectively. And there was a large optimization space for the treatment effect of each sewage treatment facility. The annual removal rates of COD, TP, TN and NH₄+-N were 50.5%, 29.7%, 36.8% and 51.7%, respectively. The spatial distribution of rural domestic sewage gradually decreased from west to east and from north to south. And the temporal distribution was in the sequence of winter > spring > autumn > summer. Correlation analysis showed that there was a significant positive correlation between COD, TP, TN and NH₄+-N (P<0.01), and the correlation coefficient was between 0.688±0.946. The annual carbon-nitrogen ratio and NH₄+-N/TN ratio of the influent water in the facility are 3.21 and 68.9%, respectively. The traditional single A2/O treatment process was proved not ideal for the treatment of low-carbon source wastewater. and the treatment effect of sewage treatment facilities can be further enhanced by combining process design, standardizing operation management, and strengthening post-monitoring work in the future.