生活垃圾焚烧飞灰处置技术与应用瓶颈

生活垃圾焚烧飞灰富含二噁英、重金属和可溶盐,属于危险废物,需进行无害化处理。但当前垃圾焚烧产业普遍存在“重烟气、轻飞灰”问题,造成飞灰处置技术和能力不足,已成为当前制约垃圾焚烧产业发展的重要瓶颈。综述了飞灰的产生、物化特性以及处置技术。重点介绍了当前普遍采用的3种处理方式以及技术应用难点,包括螯合稳定耦合填埋、水洗脱盐耦合水泥窑协同处置和熔融玻璃化处理等,以期为垃圾焚烧飞灰的无害化处置行业提供技术参考。

BOTTLENECK OF APPLICATION OF DISPOSAL TECHNOLOGIES FOR FLY ASH FROM MUNICIPAL SOLID WASTE INCINERATION

Municipal solid waste incineration fly ash is rich in dioxins, heavy metals and soluble salts, and belongs to hazardous waste and needs harmless treatment. But in waste incineration industry in China, laying heavy emphasis on flue gas and ignoring fly ash is a prevalent problem, and becomes a bottleneck of the development of waste incineration at present. This paper reviewes the generation, physicochemical properties and disposal techniques of fly ash incineration. Three mainstream fly ash treatment methods and their technical difficulties in application, including chelating stable coupling landfill, water washing desalting coupling cement kiln co-treatment and thermal treatment were introduced emphatically. This paper can provide technical references for the harmless treatment of waste incineration fly ash.