海岸带陆海气氮磷污染协同治理:监测、模拟与决策

陆海统筹已成为美丽海湾建设和海岸带可持续发展的关键战略。其中,陆海气氮磷污染协同治理是持续改善近岸海域生态环境质量的关键,但其缺乏理论指导与技术支撑。梳理了陆海气环境介质与界面过程的监测、模型(流域-河流模型、河口-近海模型、大气沉降模型等)的研究现状、技术难点和发展趋势。为加快推进流域-海域综合治理,亟须建立陆海气氮磷污染监测-模型-评估-决策体系。建议加快陆海气界面氮磷通量监测技术开发与应用,构建陆海气集成或耦合模型,在不同时空尺度上探究氮磷污染来源、主要输移通道、跨界面过程和机制。提出了未来研究重点:1)基于监测与模型提升海岸带生态系统的科学认知;2)构建陆海统筹视角的富营养化评估与生态系统健康评估方法;3)创新分区分类环境容量核算与分配方法;4)研究海岸带环境污染多目标治理优化方案;5)开展海岸带社会-经济-环境系统互馈模拟与多主体协同决策,助力生态环境治理能力现代化。

COASTAL LAND-OCEAN-ATMOSPHERE COOPERATIVE MANAGEMENT OF NITROGEN AND PHOSPHORUS POLLUTION:MONITORING,MODELING AND DECISION-MAKING

Land-ocean coordination management has become a key strategy for beautiful bay construction and sustainable development of coastal zones.Among them,cooperative prevention and control of land and ocean-based pollution are of great importance to improve the coastal eco-environment quality.However,theory and technology support in this regard has fallen short.Here,we review the status quo,challenges,and research fronts of the monitoring technologies applied in multi-media and multi-interface environments of land-ocean-atmosphere as well as the relevant models (e.g.,watershed-river models,estuary-coastal models,atmospheric deposition models).To facilitate the integrated watershed-coast management,an integrated system that incorporates monitoring,modeling,assessment,and decision-making is urgently needed.It is suggested to facilitate the development of monitoring technology on nitrogen and phosphorus flux in multi-interface,the development of the integrated land-ocean-atmosphere model,and the investigation on the sources,transport pathways,and multi-interface process interactions of nitrogen and phosphorus pollution.Future key research tasks are proposed as follows:1) to advance the knowledge of the land-ocean-atmosphere environment at the system level based on the monitoring and modeling techniques;2) to assess eutrophication and ecosystem health from the lens of land-ocean coordination;3) to create the spatially-explicit and category-specific environmental capacity allocation method;4) to study optimal solutions that satisfy multiple objectives for coastal pollution control;5) to facilitate the research on the feedbacks of the society-economy-environment system and collaborative decision-making via multi agents.These applications are expected to modernize our capability for ecological and environmental governance.