从LCA视角评估钢铁产品改进的环境效益

钢铁产品性能的提高往往会增加其制造环节的环境负荷,但是在很多领域的使用过程中,高性能钢材相对于普通钢材,更有利于环境。因此评估钢铁产品改进的环境效益需要一个系统化的科学方法———生命周期评价(LCA)。从钢铁产品全生命周期视角,讨论了钢铁产品性能提升与环境影响的关系,阐述了如何利用LCA方法评估钢铁产品全生命周期环境绩效,并列举了宝钢利用LCA方法评估钢铁产品性能改进环境效益的两个案例:某变压器采用性能更高的B30P110取向硅钢片取代原B30G130取向硅钢片,其生命周期碳减排15.1%;宝钢钢制二片罐用镀锡钢板从0.28mm经过6次减薄到0.225mm,使钢罐生命周期碳排放降低14.5%。

ENVIRONMENTAL EVALUATION OF STEEL PRODUCTS IMPROVEMENT FROM LCA PERSPECTIVES

For making high functionality steel,it will always make more environment burden at the stage of steelmaking.However,at the stage of their utilization,high-functional steel products prove more environment friendly than their conventional counterparts in many cases.Therefore,evaluation on contribution of steel products to environmental improvement requires an integrated approach that considers the product over its entire life cycle—life cycle assessment(LCA).This paper discusses the relationship between improvement of steel products performance and environmental impact from the entire life cycle perspectives.The LCA method to calculate and assess contribution of high-functional steel products during the life cycle to environmental improvement is explained.Two case study of Baosteel are given to show that LCA is a scientific and systematic method for eco-materials evaluation or eco-design:(1) In a power transformer,using silicon steel B30P110 to replace that of B30G130 can reduce carbon dioxide emissions in the region of 15.1% over the life cycle of the power transformer.(2) Tinplate steel of Baosteel for two-piece steel cans experienced six times thickness reduction from 0.28mm to 0.225mm,which result in 14.5% emission reduction over the life cycle of two-piece steel cans.