不同碳源农林废弃物与厨余垃圾协同堆肥对腐熟度和臭气排放的影响

针对北京市生活垃圾分类后厨余垃圾含水率高，在堆肥过程中存在酸化严重、升温慢、渗滤液产率高、产品品质差和臭气排放严重等问题，研究了玉米秸秆、园林剪枝和西瓜秧作为外加碳源对厨余垃圾堆肥腐熟度和臭气排放的影响，其中3种辅料添加比例均为15%，采用机械强制连续通风，通风速率为0.5 L/（kg DM·min）。堆肥周期为16 d，每4 d翻堆1次。结果表明:纯厨余垃圾单独堆肥酸化严重，未升温，添加辅料高温期（>55℃）持续时间超过10 d。碳源辅料影响有机质降解难易程度，西瓜秧添加在堆肥前期升温迅速，园林剪枝在堆肥中期温度较高，玉米秸秆在堆肥中后期温度较高。添加玉米秸秆、园林剪枝和西瓜秧可分别减少95%、39%和17%的渗滤液生成。秸秆和西瓜秧处理的种子发芽率指数（GI）第12天达到100%，比园林剪枝缩短4 d。与西瓜秧相比，添加秸秆减少了66.6%硫化氢（H₂S）和86.3%甲硫醚（Me₂S）排放，园林剪枝减少了82.3% Me₂S排放。影响厨余垃圾堆肥腐熟度和臭气排放的主要理化因素为pH和温度。

MATURITY AND ODOR GAS EMISSIONS DURING CO-COMPOSTING OF KITCHEN WASTE AND AGRICULTURAL AND FORESTRY WASTES WITH DIFFERENT CARBON SOURCES

In view of high moisture content of classified kitchen waste in Beijing, and the problems with serious acidification, slow temperature rise and high leachate yield in the kitchen waste composting process, leading to lower quality of final compost and a large amount of odorous gas emission. This study investigated the influence of agricultural and forestry wastes with different carbon sources (cornstalk, garden waste and watermelon seedling waste) on the maturity and odor gas emissions during kitchen waste composting. The proportion of bulking agents added was 15%, and mechanical forced continuous ventilation rate was 0.5 L/(kg DM·min). The composting cycle was 16 d, and the pile was turned over every 4 d. The result showed that kitchen waste composted alone had serious acidification, temperature startup was failing, and the duration of the high temperature period (>55℃) of the added bulking agents exceeded 10 d. Different carbon source bulking agents affected the degree of difficulty of degradation of organic matter, watermelon stalks increased rapidly in the early stage of composting, garden waste was warmer in the middle of composting, and corn straw was warmer in the middle and late stages of composting. The addition of corn stalks, garden waste and watermelon stalks reduced leachate by 95%, 39% and 17%, respectively. Germination index (GI) of cornstalk and watermelon seedling waste amendment treatments exceeded 100% on day 12, and the GI of final compost for garden waste treatment had a delay of 4 days. Compared with the watermelon seedling waste treatment, the addition of cornstalk reduced H₂S and Me₂S by 66.6% and 86.3%, respectively; garden waste treatment decreased Me₂S emission by 82.3%. The main physicochemical factors affecting the compost humility and odor emission of kitchen waste were pH and temperature.