仿生矿化细胞保护壳的制备及其在环境微生物领域的研究进展

自然界中部分生物体能够产生矿物质形成矿化保护壳，保护壳在提高生物体对外界不利环境的抗性和改善生命功能方面展现出良好的效果。为了利用保护壳的诸多优势，科研人员深入研究生物矿化机理，开发出多种仿生矿化方法，为不能自然产生矿化壳的生物体制备人工保护壳，具有保护壳的生物体在疾病治疗、环境保护和新能源等领域展现出广阔的应用前景。主要围绕微生物细胞保护壳的制备方法和功能价值进行讨论。首先从制备机理、制备过程和适用范围方面介绍细胞保护壳的主要制备方法，然后阐明矿化壳在保护细胞免受外界侵害和室温储存细胞方面的应用价值，最后对具有保护壳的微生物在环境污染治理方面的应用进行展望。

PREPARATION OF BIOMIMETIC MINERLIZED CELL PROTECTIVE SHELL AND ITS RESEARCH ADVANCES IN ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY

Some organisms in nature can produce minerals, which could form mineralized protective shells. The protective shells perform well in improving the resistance of the organisms to adverse external environments and life functions. In order to make better use of the advantages of protective shells, researchers have begun to study the biomineralization mechanism, and developed various biomimetic mineralization methods to make artificial protective shells for organisms that cannot produce mineral shells by themselves. These organisms with protective shells show broad application prospects in the fields of diseases treatment, environmental protection and new energies. This article mainly focuses on the preparation methods and application values of protective shells of microbial cells. Main methods of preparing protective shells were outlined from the aspects of the preparation mechanism, the specific procedure and the application scope. The value of the application of protective shells in both protecting cells from outside attack and saving cells at room temperature were then discussed. Finally, the application of microorganisms with protective shells in environmental pollution control was prospected.