反渗透膜生物污堵监测及其控制的研究进展

综述了RO膜面微生物群落结构及EPS的最新研究进展，并对RO膜生物污堵的监测技术和控制方法进行总结。膜面微生物中变形菌门（α-，β-和γ-变形菌纲）、拟杆菌门和浮霉菌门相对丰度较高，产生EPS较多的鞘氨醇单胞菌属、假单胞菌属在膜污堵中起到重要作用。EPS中多糖更易附着于膜面，EPS中大分子组分的RO膜污堵潜势更高，透明胞外聚合物（TEP）能促进生物污堵的形成。对进水中有机物参数和微生物参数的测定能反映进水RO膜污堵潜势，但并不能用于确定膜面污堵的实际情况。而对RO膜组件的动态监测能够及时反映膜污堵状态。进水预处理和膜清洗已被用于延缓RO膜生物污堵，而膜改性和生物处理等方法的开发为RO膜生物污堵的控制提供了新途径。根据研究现状，认为今后反渗透膜抗生物污堵的研究需要完善进水生物污堵潜势评价指标，加大对膜面污堵中优势菌群和污堵潜势大的EPS的控制研究，并对新型抗污染改性膜的工程实用性进行关注。

RESEARCH PROGRESS ON BIOFOULING OF REVERSE OSMOSIS AND ITS MONITORING AND CONTROL

The relevant studies on microbial community structure and EPS on RO membrane surface were reviewed. Meantime, the research of monitoring techniques and control methods of biofouling of RO membrane were summarized. In general, the relative abundances of Proteobacteria(α-,β-,γ-Proteobacteria), Bacteroidetes and Planctomycetes are higher than other phyla on RO membrane. The genera of Sphingomonas and Pseudomonas which produce more EPS play key roles in biofouling of RO membrane. Polysaccharides are more likely to adhere to the RO membrane. Macromolecular components of EPS have a higher fouling potential. TEP can accelerate the biofouling. The determination of organic and microbial parameters in the influent can reflect fouling potential of influent. The monitoring of membrane modules can reflect biofouling condition in time. Pretreatment and membrane cleaning have been used to alleviate biofouling, while surface modification and biological treatment provide new ways for biofouling control. Based on the research status, the future research perspectives regarding biofouling control are proposed, including enhancing the evaluation indexes system of biofouling potential, and the control of the dominant microbial species and EPS components, paying more attention to the engineering feasibility of anti-fouling membranes.