双室隔膜法电解NH4Cl废液

为解决稀土、化肥工业中NH₄Cl废水难以处理，危害较大的问题，针对广东某厂处理碱性氯化铜蚀刻液废水产生大量NH₄Cl的实际废液，提出用电解法处理NH₄Cl废液并对最优实验条件进行探究。发现采用阴离子交换膜将电解槽分隔为两极室可防止Cl₂与NH₄+接触产生易爆炸的NCl₃，保证操作安全，且能有效分离阳极产生的Cl₂和阴极产生的H₂，便于产物收集。在此基础上，通过探究阳极室电解质种类及浓度、阴极室NH₄Cl溶液浓度、电解时间对处理效果的影响，得到最佳实验条件为向阳极室加入20 mL浓度为5 g/L的NaCl溶液，向阴极室加入相同体积浓度为100 g/L的NH₄Cl溶液，在0.3 A恒电流下电解3 h。在此条件下，反应器中93%的Cl-转化为Cl₂和NaClO。该厂每天处理15 t NH₄Cl废液，可为企业创收至少1950元。该双室隔膜电解法在有效去除NH₄Cl废水中Cl-的同时能够产生NH₂·H₂O、Cl₂和可用于消毒的NaClO，具有装置简单，去除率高的优势，是速率可控、清洁高效的处理技术。

ELECTROLYSIS TREATMENT OF AMMONIUM CHLORIDE WASTEWATER BY DOUBLE CHAMBER MEMBRANE PROCESS

Aiming at the problem that ammonium chloride wastewater generated from the rare earth and fertilizer industries is difficult to treat, combining with the actual case of a factory in Guangdong province that produced a large amount of ammonium chloride waste solution in the treatment of alkaline copper chloride etching liquid, this paper put forward the method of electrolysis to treat ammonium chloride wastewater and probed into the optimal experimental conditions. It was found that the anion exchange membrane was used to separate the electrolytic cell into a bipolar chamber, which could prevent the contact between chlorine gas and ammonium ion from producing explosive nitrogen trichloride, ensure the safety of operation, and effectively separate chlorine gas from the anode and hydrogen from the cathode, so as to facilitate products collection. On this basis, through exploring the impact of anode chamber and electrolyte concentration, cathode chamber ammonium chloride solution concentration, electrolytic time on treatment effect, optimized experimental condition was as follows:20 mL 5 g/L sodium chloride solution in the anode chamber, 20 mL 100 g/L of ammonium chloride solution in the cathode chamber, constant current of 0.3 A, and electrolysis time of 3 hours, then 93% of chloride ions were transformed into chlorine and sodium hypochlorite. Under this condition, the factory could make an income of at least RMB 1950 by treating 15 t of ammonium chloride waste liquid per day. The membrane electrolysis method could effectively remove chloride ions from ammonium chloride wastewater and produce chlorine gas, sodium hypochlorite and ammonia water. Compared with the traditional electrochemical treatment technology, it had the advantages of simple device and high removal rate, with controllable reaction rate.