酸性矿山废水与碳酸盐岩的作用过程及其被动治理技术研究进展

矿产开发利用过程中产生的酸性矿山废水（AMD）污染严重，极易导致周边生态环境破坏，而喀斯特地区天然材料碳酸盐岩（白云岩/石灰岩）及其中和反应产生的针铁矿、施威特曼石、水铁矿等次生矿物能通过氧化与还原、溶解与沉淀、配体交换、吸附络合等多种机制净化AMD。总结了碳酸盐岩中和AMD的反应机理、AMD溶蚀碳酸盐岩过程的物理化学行为，阐明了AMD-碳酸盐岩作用过程中形成的次生矿物种类、形成条件、生成顺序及其环境意义，并综述了国内外以碳酸盐岩为反应介质处理AMD技术的最新进展，以期为进一步提高碳酸盐岩处理不同类型酸性矿山排水的持续有效性、构建系统使用寿命预测模型以及优化处理系统工艺方法提供参考。

RESEARCH PROGRESS ON INTERACTIONS BETWEEN CARBONATE AND ACID MINE DRAINAGE AND ITS PASSIVE TREATMENT TECHNOLOGY

Acid mine drainage (AMD), generated during the exploitation and utilization of mineral resources, has seriously impact on the surrounding ecological environment, especially on the water environment. The carbonate rocks from the karst region not only neutralize the acidity of AMD, but also remove the contaminants by oxidation and reduction, dissolution and precipitation, ligand exchange, adsorption and complexation and other mechanisms, as well as the sediments (goethite, schwertmannite, ferrihydrite, etc) from AMD's reaction with carbonate. This paper summarized the reaction mechanism between AMD and carbonate and the physical and chemical behaviors of carbonate dissolution under AMD action, and provided an overview of the types of secondary minerals formed in the process of AMD-carbonate interaction, the formation conditions, the order of formation and the environmental significance. Furthermore, it reviewed the research progress on the treatment methods of AMD by carbonate rocks, which could provide references for further improving continuous effectiveness of carbonate for treating different types of AMD, establishing the life prediction models of reaction system and optimizing the parameters of treatment methods for AMD.