秸秆主流能源化技术研究与经济性分析

秸秆生物质作为1种可替代化石燃料的清洁能源，对环境保护和能源结构转型意义重大。我国农作物产量丰富，在秸秆的综合利用方面有较大潜力。就整个秸秆能源化产业而言，我国正处于有序推进阶段，但国内核心技术和设备水平与国际先进水平之间存在差距，产业效益仍不理想，企业对财政补贴有较强的依赖性。在充分认识我国秸秆利用现状的基础上，针对秸秆乙醇技术、秸秆沼气技术、秸秆热解技术和秸秆固化成型技术，探讨了国内外秸秆能源化技术和应用进展，追踪了解除发酵抑制、优化厌氧消化性能、开发热解炭降解潜力以及激活成型燃料黏结性能等技术热点问题。基于经济性分析提出了全组分利用、气肥联产模式、大宗产物梯级利用等针对能源化技术的效益提升手段，并对比了政策补贴和技术提升对企业效益的影响。最后从政策角度和新技术角度对秸秆产业发展方向提出了建议。

RESEARCH AND ECONOMIC ANALYSIS OF MAINSTREAM ENERGY TECHNOLOGIES FOR STRAW

Straw biomass, as a clean energy alternative to fossil fuels, is of great significance to environmental protection and energy structure transformation. China has abundant crop yield and great potential in the comprehensive utilization of straw. In terms of the whole straw energy industry, China is in the stage of orderly promotion, but there is a gap between the domestic core technology and equipment level and the international advanced level, the industrial benefits are still not ideal, and enterprises have a strong dependence on government financial subsidies. For straw ethanol technology, the straw biogas technology, straw pyrolysis technology and straw curing technology, on the basis of fully understanding of the straw utilization in China, straw energy technology and the application progress at home and abroad were discussed, and the reduction of fermentation inhibiting, the optimization of anaerobic digestion performance degradation, the development of pyrolytic carbon potential, the activation of molding fuel stick performance and other technical issues were discussed. Based on the economic analysis, some means to improve the efficiency of energy technologies were put forward, such as whole-component utilization, combined production mode of gas and fertilizer, cascade utilization of bulk products, and the effects of policy subsidies and technology upgrading on the enterprise's efficiency were compared. Finally, some suggestions on the development direction of straw industry from the perspective of policy and new technology were put forward.