中国尾矿库“环评-许可-执法”环境管理体系研究

环评管理、排污许可、环境执法是构建固定污染源环境管理体系的3项重要管理制度。对中国尾矿库目前存在的主要环境问题进行了梳理，并对尾矿库环境影响评价管理、排污许可、环保执法管理现状进行了分析。总体上尾矿库环境影响评价管理做到了科学评级、科学监管，但大部分企业排污许可证中关于尾矿库的信息不全或缺失，部分尾矿库污染防治效果有待提升。针对尾矿库制度衔接方面存在的问题提出了意见建议，指出打通尾矿库环境影响评价管理、排污许可、环保执法管理三大板块制度体系，推动环境影响评价、排污许可、执法有机衔接，是全面提升尾矿库环境管理水平的重要举措。该成果为推动尾矿库全过程环境管理提供参考。

DISCUSION ON ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT,POLLUTANT DISCHARGE PERMIT AND LAW ENFORCEMENT MANAGEMENT OF THE TAILINGS PONDS IN CHINA

Environmental assessment management, pollutant discharge permit and environmental law enforcement are the three important management systems for constructing the environmental management system of fixed pollution sources. This paper combed the main environmental problems existing in tailings ponds in China, and analyzed the current situation of environmental impact assessment management, pollutant discharge permit and environmental protection law enforcement management of tailings ponds. In general, the environmental impact assessment management of tailings pond achieved scientific rating and supervision. The information about tailings pond in the pollutant discharge permit of most enterprises was incomplete or missing. The pollution control effect of some tailing ponds needed to be improved. In view of the problems existing in the connection of tailings pond system, this paper put forward opinions and suggestions, and pointed out that opening up the three systems of tailings pond environmental impact assessment management, pollutant discharge permit and environmental protection law enforcement management, and promoting the connection of environmental impact assessment, pollutant discharge permit and law enforcement were important measures to comprehensively improve the environmental management level of tailings pond. The results could provide references for promoting the whole process environmental management of tailings pond.