基于光谱学技术对生物沥浸污泥与不同辅料堆肥过程中富里酸的研究

以生物沥浸污泥与不同农林废弃物混合堆肥为研究对象，采用紫外可见光谱(UV-vis)、傅里叶红外光谱(FTIR)和三维荧光光谱(3D-EEMs)技术分析了堆肥过程中富里酸结构、组成和含量变化。基础理化性质表明：4个处理组(T1:污泥+甘蔗渣，T2:污染+秸秆，T3:污染+米糠，T4:污染+木屑)均达到堆肥成熟标准；UV-vis和紫外参数SUVA₂₅₄、SUVA₂₈₀的变化表明4个堆肥处理组中的腐熟度和富里酸的芳香碳含量均增加，其中T2处理组的腐熟度优于其他处理组。FTIR分析表明富里酸中多糖类、碳水类和脂肪族物质的含量逐渐降低，合成的腐殖酸类物质含量逐渐增加，T3处理组的腐殖化、芳构化程度要优于其他处理组。3D-EEMs分析表明结构简单、共轭程度低的有机物如辅酶、色素等物质被降解消耗，形成共轭程度高的类腐殖质物质，T2处理组的荧光峰强度最大，表明堆肥腐熟效果更好。富里酸含量变化则表明T3处理组腐熟效果优于其他处理组。结果表明，秸秆和米糠与生物沥浸污泥共同堆肥效果较好。

FULVIC ACID SPECTRAL CHARACTERISTICS DURING COMPOSTING OF BIOLEACHING SLUDGE AND DIFFERENT MATERIALS

Taking the mixed composting of biological leaching sludge and different agricultural and forestry wastes as the research object, ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy (UV-vis), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and three-dimensional fluorescence spectroscopy (3D-EEMs) techniques were used to analyze the changes in structure, composition, and content of fulvic acid in the composting process. The basic physical and chemical properties showed that the four treatment groups (T1: sludge+bagasse; T2: sludge+straw; T3: sludge+rice bran; T4: sludge+sawdust) all reached the compost maturity standard. Changes in UV-vis, and UV parameters SUVA₂₅₄ and SUVA₂₈₀ indicated that the fulvic acid maturity and aromatic carbon content increased in the four treatment groups, and the T2 treatment group was better than the other treatment groups. FTIR analysis showed that the content of polysaccharides, carbohydrates, and aliphatic substances in fulvic acid was gradually decreasing, while the content of humic substances was gradually increasing. The degree of humification and aromatization in the T3 treatment group was better than that in the other groups. 3D-EEMs analysis showed that organic substances with a simple structure and low degree of conjugation, such as coenzymes and pigments, were degraded and consumed to form humus-like substances with a high degree of conjugation. The fluorescence peak intensity of the T2 treatment group was the highest, indicating the best composting effect. The change in fulvic acid content showed that the decomposing effect of the T3 treatment group was better than that of other treatment groups. So straw and rice brain were proved to be suitable for mixed composting with bioleaching sludge.