贮存使用环境对导弹性能的影响机理

目的分析影响导弹性能的主要环境因素及影响机理。方法根据导弹的贮存条件和环境因素的重要性,分析影响导弹性能的主要环境因素,分析总结其影响机理。结果影响导弹性能的主要环境因素包括温度、湿度、振动与冲击、重力、气压和静电,其中温度的主要影响机理是引起力学性能、电器性能、气体和液体对容器的压力、化学反应速度的变化,湿度的影响机理是水膜、凝露的形成和产品的吸湿,振动与冲击的影响机理是疲劳损伤和极限破坏,重力影响固体发动机粘接界面的机理是药柱温度小于平衡温度引起的扯离应力,气压的影响机理是空气压力、空气密度和空气含氧量的变化,静电的影响机理是静电放电和静电引力。结论环境影响导弹性能的机理,对通过设计提高导弹的环境适应能力和使用环境控制都很重要。

Influencing Mechanism of Storage/Use Environment on Missile Performance

Objective To analyze the major environmental factors and influencing mechanism of guided missile performance. Methods According to the storage and environmental conditions of guided missile, the major influencing environmental factors were analyzed, and the influencing mechanism was analyzed and summarized. Results The major influencing environmental factors of missile performance included temperature, humidity, vibration/shock, gravity, air pressure, and static electricity. The major influencing mechanism of temperaturewas the inducement of changes in mechanical/electrical performance, gas /liquid pressure to containers and changes of chemical reaction rates. As for humidity, the major influencing mechanism included formation of film or dew and moisture absorbency. Under vibration and shock, the influencing mechanism was the fatigue damage and failure due to load limit. As for the effect of gravity on the solid motor adhesion interfaces, the mechanism was the tearing stresses produced by motor grain when its temperature fell below the equilibrium temperature. Under air pressure, the influencing mechanism was the changes in air pressure, density and oxygen content. For effects induced by electrostatic, the mechanism was electro-static discharge and electro-static attraction. Conclusion The influencing mechanism of environment factors on missile performance is important both for environmental adaptability improvement and operation environment controlling of guided missile.