基于内弹道仿真的火药点火器燃喉比优化与试验验证

目的 减小火药点火器不同药剂批次下的散差，提高其工作可靠性。方法 分析火药点火器不同批次药剂性能与内弹道数据，发现在恒定燃喉比下，药剂性能波动会显著影响其工作可靠性，因此应根据不同批次组合下的药剂性能选取合理的燃喉比。首先，通过标准试验测试火药点火器内装药剂的关键性能参数。然后，通过建立火药点火器内弹道的仿真模型，计算基线燃喉比附近的内弹道参数，输入到基于历史点火冲量数据建立的正态容许限法模型。最后，在预设燃喉比范围内进行发火试验，并利用正态容许限法计算出不同燃喉比对应的点火可靠度。结果 共模拟了8种水平的燃喉比试验，计算出对应的可靠度为0.177 242~0.999 999。根据模型计算出的可靠度及火工品相关标准的要求，确定合理的燃喉比，并增加样本，进一步验证其可靠度。此外，在选定燃喉比附近进行的裕度试验，试验数据均符合预期。结论 通过内弹道仿真建模，结合可靠性试验数据分析，为火药点火器优选了燃喉比，工作可靠度达到了0. 999 908，比改进前的可靠度0.999有了显著提升。

Optimization and Experimental Verification of Fuel Throat Ratio of Gunpowder Igniter Based on Interior Trajectory Simulation

The work aims to reduce the dispersion of different batches of powder igniter and improve its working reliability. Based on the analysis of the performance and internal ballistic data of different batches of gunpowder igniter, it was found that the performance fluctuation of the agent would significantly affect its working reliability under the constant fuel throat ratio. Therefore, a reasonable fuel throat ratio should be selected according to the performance of the agent under different batch combinations. First, key performance parameters of the new batch of gunpowder igniter were tested by standard test. Then, the internal ballistic parameters near the baseline fuel throat ratio were calculated by establishing the simulation model of gunpowder igniter internal ballistic parameters, which were input into the normal allowable method model based on the historical ignition impulse data. Further, the ignition test was carried out in the preset range of combustion and fuel throat ratio, and the ignition reliability corresponding to different combustion and fuel throat was calculated with the normal allowable limit method. A total of 8 kinds of combustion and fuel throat tests were simulated, and the corresponding reliability was calculated, from 0.177 242 to 0.999 999. According to the reliability calculated by the model and the requirements of related standards of pyrotechnics, the reasonable fuel throat ratio was determined, and more samples were added to further verify its reliability. In addition, the margin test was carried out near the selected fuel throat ratio, and the experimental data were in line with expectations. Through the internal ballistic simulation modeling combined with the reliability test data analysis, the fuel throat ratio is optimized for the gunpowder igniter, and the working reliability approaches 0. 999 908, which is significantly improved compared with the reliability of 0.999 before the improvement.