海水环境生物腐蚀污损与防护

以海水环境生物腐蚀污损与防护为中心,就国内外与其相关的报道进行综述分析,并提出建议。首先,分析污损生物的分布与特征,得出污损生物群落的组成和结构对海域、季节、水深、工程结构类型等的依赖性,突出海水环境生物腐蚀污损的复杂性。然后,解析生物附着污损对海水环境腐蚀速率的影响,突出附着生物是导致金属材料腐蚀速率增大的重要因子。再次,介绍海水环境生物腐蚀污损防护技术的现状,分析主要防护技术的优缺点,并展示其在不同行业的联用。最后,提出对海水环境生物腐蚀污损研究工作的建议,包括建立各海域的生物腐蚀污损数据库、大力研制发展绿色生物腐蚀污损控制技术、加强对海洋生物腐蚀污损基础性研究工作的投入、尽快建立海洋生物腐蚀评价标准和规范等。

Biocorrosion and Biofouling in Seawater and Their Protection

This article revolved around biocorrosion and biofouling in seawater and their protection, and proposed suggestions based on the review and analysis of relative reports in China and other countries. Firstly, the distribution and characteristics of fouling organisms were analyzed, and it was found that the composition and structure of organism communities were dependent on several factors, including sea area, season, depth, and type of engineering structures, demonstrating the complexity of biocorrosion and biofouling in seawater. Secondly, analysis was conducted on the impact of biofouling on marine corrosion rate, and adhesive organisms were believed to be significant in the increase of corrosion rate of metal materials. Thirdly, analysis of the current status, advantages, and disadvantages of protection technologies against biocorrosion and biofouling was carried out, and the combination of diverse protection technologies was exhibited. Finally, proposals were given on the research work of biocorrosion and biofouling in seawater, which included the establishment of databases on biocorrosion and biofouling in different sea areas, much more efforts on the research and development of green and biological protection technologies, more investment in the fundamental research, and setting up of evaluation standards and regulations.