几种结构钢和不锈钢的耐海洋大气腐蚀性能研究

目的 研究服役于海洋大气环境中的几种典型钢材的耐腐蚀性能.方法 通过酸性盐雾?湿热?酸性大气等试验方法研究钢材在海洋大气环境服役过程中的耐腐蚀性能.结果 在海洋大气环境中,通常含铬量较高的不锈钢耐腐蚀性能较为优异,含铬量较低的不锈钢材料耐腐蚀性能较差.结构钢在海洋大气环境下易腐蚀.钝化处理能明显提高不锈钢的耐腐蚀性能,但仍然难以保护不锈钢在长期海洋大气环境作用下不受侵蚀,无机铝涂料对钢材具有优异的防护性能,而镀银层将加剧钢材基体腐蚀.此外,粗糙表面易诱发不锈钢发生腐蚀.结论 在海洋大气环境服役时,不锈钢应采取钝化处理,提高其耐腐蚀性能.对于结构钢和铬含量较低的不锈钢,可采取涂覆无机铝涂层的方式,通过牺牲阳极作用有效保护基体免受侵蚀.在设计阶段,还应注意外露部位的表面粗糙度设计,尽量防止或减小不锈钢腐蚀现象的发生.

Corrosion Resistance of Some Structural Steels and Stainless Steels in Ocean Atmospheric Environment

This paper aims to study corrosion resistance of some structural steels and stainless steels that serves in ocean atmospheric environment. Corrosion resistance of some steels in ocean atmospheric environment was evaluated via several environmental test methods for simulation of the typical ocean environment characteristics. Generally, the corrosion resistance of stainless steel with high chromium content was excellent, while the corrosion resistance of stainless steel with low chromium content was poor in ocean atmospheric environment. Structural steels are susceptible to corrosion in ocean atmospheric environment. Passivation treatment obviously improved the corrosion resistance of stainless steel. However, it was still difficult to protect stainless steel from corrosion under long-term ocean atmospheric environment. Inorganic Aluminum Coating has excellent protection performance for steels, while silver plating accelerated the corrosion of steel substrate. In addition, the corrosion problems were likely to occur on the rough surface.When serving in ocean atmospheric environment, stainless steels should be passivated to improve the corrosion resistance. Inorganic Aluminum Coating can be used to protect structural steels and stainless steel with low chromium content from corrosion by the anodic protection, it is also notable to the design of the surface roughness in the design stage. The above methods can prevent or reduce the occurrence of stainless steel corrosion.