临近空间环境对飞艇蒙皮织物材料力学性能的影响研究

目的研究飞艇蒙皮材料在临近空间环境下的力学特性。方法根据临近空间环境的特征参数,制定空间环境地面模拟实验方案,包括高低温、紫外环境和臭氧环境下地面模拟实验方案。然后以聚氨酯涂覆Nylon织物为例,研究临近空间环境对飞艇蒙皮材料力学特性的影响,并通过红外红外光谱和原子力显微镜研究其影响机理。结果与未经高低温循环相比,弹性模量增加了11%,拉伸强度的最大变化不超过5%;经过48～240h紫外线辐照后,弹性模量提高了22%～34%,拉伸强度几乎没有变化;通过臭氧老化后,材料弹性模量的增加幅值约为6%,拉伸强度逐渐降低。结论紫外辐射对于聚氨酯涂覆Nylon织物材料弹性模量的提升效应大于高低温和臭氧老化,但对其强度的影响明显小于高低温和臭氧老化,臭氧老化对材料强度影响大于高低温和紫外辐射。

Effect of Near Space Environment on Mechanical Properties of Airship Envelope Woven Materials

The paper aims to research on the mechanical properties of airship skin materials in the near space environment. According to the characteristic of the near space environment, the ground simulation experiment research scheme was developed, including the ground simulation test scheme in high-low temperature, ultraviolet and ozone environments. Then, the effect of the near space environment on the mechanical properties of the airship envelope materials was studied with polyurethane coated Nylon fabric as an example. The influence mechanism was studied by infrared spectroscopy and atomic force microscopy. Compared with that without the high and low temperature cycle, the elastic modulus increased by 11%, the biggest change of the tensile strength was no more than 5%; after 48 - 240 h of uv irradiation, the elastic modulus increased by 22% - 34%, the tensile strength changed little; after ozone aging, the elastic modulus of materials increased about 6%, and the tensile strength decreased gradually. The effect of ultraviolet on the elastic modulus of polyurethane coated Nylon fabric is greater than that of high-low temperature and ozone; but its effect on strength is significantly lower than that of high-low temperature and ozone aging; ozone aging has the greatest impact on material strength.