环境风险全过程评估与管理模式研究及应用

基于环境风险“全过程管理”与“优先管理”的理念,提出了环境风险全过程评估与管理的概念框架和理论体系,涵盖了风险源识别、受体易损性评估、环境风险表征、风险应急控制决策以及风险事故损失后评估等关键步骤.并以某化工园区企业为例,以硝基苯储罐塌陷为初始事件,采用蝴蝶结方法进行风险源识别,得到硝基苯储罐泄漏事件蝴蝶结,通过GIS空间分析方法揭示居民对地表水水源污染易损性的空间分异,分析结果不仅为事故安全防范与应急控制提供关键节点,而且有助于在日常风险管理中增强受体抗风险能力.

Whole-process environmental risk assessment and management and its application

A procedure of whole-process environmental risk assessment and management (WERAM) was proposed for assessing accidental industrial risks, based on the conceptions of “whole-process management” and “prioritized management”. The procedure consists of risk source identification, vulnerability assessment, risk characterization, prioritization of emergency control methods and post-evaluation of losses caused by accidents. A case study was carried out in a chemical industry park in China. Firstly, a bow-tie was established for “vessel collapse” of a tank containing nitrobenzene, identifying key stones of safety management and emergency response. Secondly, geographic information system (GIS) was applied to reveal spatial heterogeneity of residents’ vulnerability to surface water source pollution. The results provide not only instructions for building up risk targets’ resistance, but also decision supports for emergency response to accidents polluting surface water source.