超高温预处理对猪粪堆肥过程碳氮素转化与损失的影响

以猪粪、砻糠为原料，利用自行设计的超高温预处理装置，开展了为期56d的模拟堆肥试验，比较了超高温预处理好氧堆肥（HPC）和常规高温好氧堆肥（CK）过程中碳、氮素转化及损失.结果表明，CK有机质最大降解度（42.58%）比HPC堆体（49.29%）小，但降解速率常数（0.1d^-1）高于HPC（0.07d^-1），两种堆肥工艺碳素降解率差异不显著.HPC堆体NH₄⁺-N、TN质量分数平均比CK高143.9%、11.2%，而NO₃^--N质量分数则比CK低58.8%.HPC堆肥后期胡敏酸含量及腐殖质聚合程度分别比CK高45.2%~56.8%、59.1%~65.3%.在预处理阶段以及后续堆肥阶段，HPC、CK有机碳损失率分别为48%、51%，氮损失率分别为18%、27%.说明超高温预处理不仅有利于堆肥过程的保氮，而且促进富里酸向胡敏酸的转化，提高了堆肥产品腐殖化水平.

Effect of hyperthermerphilic pretreatment on transformation and losses of C and N during pig manure composting

A period of 56d of simulated pig manure and rice husk composting experiment was carried out to study the conversion and loss of carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) in the novel hyperthermophilic pre-treatment plus an in-vessel post-composting process (HPC) and the conventional in-vessel composting (CK) process, by using a self-designed hyperthermerphilic pretreatment reactor. The results showed that the maximum carbon degradation degree in CK (42.58%) was smaller than that of HPC (49.29%), but the carbon degradation rate constant in CK (0.1d^-1) was greater than that of HPC (0.07d^-1). The difference in C degradation in the two composting processes was not significant overall. The concentrations of NH₄⁺-N and total N in the subsequent in-vessel composting of HPC were 143.9% and 11.2% higher than that in CK. The nitrate concentration in HPC, by contrast, was lowered by 58.8%. During composting, the content of humic acid (HA) and the ratio of HA to fulvic acid (FA) were on average 45.2%~56.8% and 59.1%~65.3% higher than that in CK duirng the later stage of composting. The carbon loss during the pretreatment process and subsequent in-vessel composting process in HPC and CK were 48% and 51%, respectively. The loss rates of N were 18% and 27% in HPC and CK, respectively. It was concluded that hyperthermophilic pretreatment could not only reduce the nitrogen loss significantly during composting process, but also promote the transformation of FA to HA, resulting in improved humification level of composting products.