悬浮填料对厌氧氨氧化MBR运行的影响特性及机理

向厌氧氨氧化（anammox）膜生物反应器（MBR）投加悬浮填料，考察其对反应器脱氮性能和膜污染的影响特性，并探究了相关机理.试验结果表明，投加填料后，反应器脱氮性能良好.当进水氨氮（NH₄⁺-N）160mg/L、亚硝态氮（NO₂^--N）180mg/L时，出水NH₄⁺-N和NO₂^--N均在15mg/L以下，硝态氮（NO₃^--N）在30mg/L以下，总氮去除率可达90%.投加填料显著减轻了膜污染，跨膜压差（TMP）稳定在8kPa左右.混合液中溶解性微生物产物（SMP）和胞外聚合物（EPS）成分分析结果表明，在第67~149d，蛋白质总量、多糖总量和总有机碳总量分别下降了49%、43%和61%，它们浓度的下降有利于延缓膜污染；此外，悬浮填料对膜组件的机械碰撞也起到了物理清洗作用.高通量测序结果显示，悬浮填料生物膜在anammox菌相对丰度方面显著高于混合液污泥，说明anammox菌更适宜于附着生长，投加填料可以为其提供更加稳定的生长环境.

Influencing characteristics and mechanisms of suspended carriers on anammox MBR performance

The influencing characteristics and mechanisms of suspended carriers on nitrogen removal and membrane fouling were investigated by adding the carriers into a membrane bioreactor (MBR) inoculated with anaerobic ammonia oxidation (anammox) bacteria.The results showed that the reactor was of good nitrogen removal performance after adding the carriers.Both ammonia nitrogen (NH₄⁺-N) and nitrite nitrogen (NO₂^--N) in the effluent were under 15mg/L,nitrate nitrogen (NO₃^--N) in the effluent was under 30mg/L,and total nitrogen removal efficiency reached 90%.Adding the carriers into the reactor effectively mitigated membrane fouling,and the transmembrane pressure (TMP) was stabilized at about 8kPa.The analyses results of soluble microbial products (SMP) and extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) in the mixed liquid showed that total amounts of proteins,polysaccharides and total organic carbon decreased by 49%,43% and 61%,respectively from day 67 to day 149,which was beneficial to mitigate membrane fouling.Besides,mechanical collision of the carriers onto the membrane modules also played a physical cleaning role.The high-throughput sequencing results showed that the relative abundance of anammox bacteria in the carrier biofilm was significantly higher than that in the mixed sludge,indicating that the anammox bacteria were more suitable for attachment growth,and the suspended carriers could provide a more stable growth environment for the community.