响应土壤阴离子类型的盐碱土古细菌群落多样性研究

为初步解析我国黑龙江苏打盐碱地（HA）、新疆荒漠盐碱地（XD）、山西平原盐碱地（SY）、江苏滨海盐碱地（JD）和天津滨海盐碱地（TB）5个地区的土壤古细菌群落结构多样性，以及其响应土壤不同阴离子类型的分布特征，采用基于Illumin-Hiseq平台的高通量测序技术获得489~604个古细菌可操纵分类单元（OTU）.OTU多样性分析结果表明XD的古细菌群落物种丰富度最高，SY和HA分别具有最高和最低的古细菌群落多样性和均匀度；OTU的物种注释结果表明HA以奇古菌门（Thaumarchaeota）为优势菌门，其他土壤均以广古菌（Euryarchaeota）为优势；综合5个样品古细菌群落结构、优势古细菌属和土壤阴离子进行的典范对应分析（CCA）结果显示，XD古细菌群落结构和Haloterrigena属（XD中最优势，相对丰度20.2%）明显的响应土壤SO₄^2-浓度；HA古细菌群落结构和Nitrososphaera属（HA中最优势，62.3%）明显的响应土壤HCO₃^-/CO₃^2-浓度和pH；JD、SY和TB古细菌群落结构、Halorubrum属（JD和TB中最优势，24.4%和15.6%），和Natronomonas属（SY和JD中第二优势，8.1%和9.2%）明显的响应土壤Cl^-浓度.研究结果说明我国不同地域分布的盐碱土受其土壤阴离子类型及其浓度的影响，呈现不同的古细菌群落结构和分布特征.研究结果为我国不同类型盐碱土古细菌资源的挖掘提供依据，也为揭示我国不同类型盐碱土古细菌群落的生态功能提供参考.

Diversity characteristic of archaeal community responding to soil anion in saline-alkali soil

To investigate the community structure of soil archaea in saline-alkaline land and their distribution characters responding to soil anion, the saline-alkaline land soils were collected from different area in China, including Heilongjiang soda saline-alkaline soil (HA), Xinjiang desert saline-alkaline soil (XD), Shanxi plain saline-alkaline soil (SY), Jiangsu coastal saline-alkaline soil (JD) and Tianjin coastal saline-alkaline soil (TB). The high-throughput sequencing technology based on Illumina-Hiseq was used, and 489~604 archaeal operational taxonomic units (OTUs) were obtained. The results of OTU diversity analysis showed that the species richness of archaeal community in XD was the highest. The diversity and evenness of archaeal community in SY and HA was highest and lowest, respectively. The OTU species annotation results showed the Thaumarchaeota was the predominant phylum in HA, and Euryarchaeota was dominant phylum in the other four soil samples. Based on the archaeal community structure, dominant archaeal genus and soil anion of five samples, the Canonical Correspondence Analysis (CCA) showed that the archaeal community structure in XD and Haloterrigena (the most dominant in XD, 20.2%) responsed to the concentration of SO₄^2-, the archaeal community structure in HA and Nitrososphaera (the most dominant in HA, 62.3%) responsed to the concentration of HCO₃^-/CO₃^2- and pH value; the archaeal community structure of JD、SY and TB and Halorubrum (the most dominant in JD and TB, 24.4% and 15.6%) and Natronomonas (the second dominant in SY and JD, 8.1% and 9.2%) responsed to the concentration of Cl^-. Thus, the archaeal community structure and distribution characteristics in saline-alkaline soils in China were affected by the types of anions and their concentrations. The results of this study contribute to not only the resources excavation of archaeal strains, but also the revealing of the ecological functions of archaeal communities in the different types of saline-alkaline soil in China.