生物基聚合物PHBV和PLA复合材料在不同介质中的生物降解及其影响因素

传统工艺的塑料生产不仅依赖石油资源的持续开发利用，同时给环境造成了前所未有的压力，近年来生物基聚合物（聚（3-羟基-3-戊酸酯）-PHBV，聚乳酸-PLA）日渐成为传统石油基塑料的替代产品.本文采用呼吸测试手段，旨在揭示均质复合材料在不同环境介质（土壤、熟化堆肥、水体）条件下及有机添加剂（木质素），无机添加剂（蒙脱石）和天然有机物链增长剂（Joncryl）作用下的生物降解特征.结果表明：当链增长剂Joncryl添加量为5%时，对所有介质PHBV和PLA复合材料产生显著抑制作用.Joncryl添加量为0.2%时，未对所测样品的生物降解行为产生干扰作用.在熟化堆肥介质中，PLA复合材料比PHBV基质混合物的生物降解速率明显降低.有机木质纤维添加剂（榛子壳粉末）单独在聚合物中添加或者和链增长剂Joncryl以及非有机添加剂（Dellite72T）共同作用下都可促进PLA聚合物中各组分的相容连接性.实验结果表明，新型添加剂在不同介质中以二元或三元添加的方式对生物降解过程产生重要影响，该研究将为新型材料使用后的生物降解效应提供理论依据.

Biodegradation of biologically based polymer PHBV and PLA composites in different media and its influencing factors

The plastic production of traditional technology not only depends on the continuous development and utilization of petroleum resources, but also creates unprecedented pressure on the environment. In recent years biobased polymers (polybutyric acid valerate-PHBV, polylactic acid -PLA) have become an alternative to traditional petroleum based plastics. The research work by means of burial respirometry test to access biodegradation propensity in different media (soil, compost, river water) of bio-based packaging polymers such as poly (hydroxybutyrate-co-hydroxyvalerate) (PHBV), poly (lactic acid) (PLA) and their blends and composites loaded with fillers of organic (lignin), inorganic (montmorillonite named Dellite) nature and chain extenders (Joncryl). The results showed that 1)When the addition of extenders Joncryl was 5%, the result behaved the significantly inhibit effect on PHBV and PLA based composite samples in all media; 2)When the addition of Joncryl was 0.2%, it did not interfere with the Biodegradation Behavior of the samples; 3)In the mature compost, the biodegradation rate of PLA composites was significantly lower than that of the mixture of PHBV matrix; 4)Organic lignocellulosic additive (hazelnut shell powder) added to polymer alone or combined with chain extender Joncryl and non-organic additive (Dellite72T) can promote the compatible connectivity of PLA polymer; It concluded that new additive has an important effect on the biodegradation process by adding two or three phases in different media, the study will provide a theoretical basis for the biodegradation effect of the new material.