海州湾海洋牧场的长期环境效应研究

为探讨海州湾海洋牧场的长期环境效应，调查了2010~2015年牧场区和对照区沉积物总氮（TP）、总磷（TN）、水体活性磷酸盐（PO₄^3--P）、总溶解无机氮（DIN）含量，浮游植物和底栖动物的生物量.结果表明：人工鱼礁和贻贝、藻类的养殖造成了牧场区沉积物TN的累积，由2010年的266.62mg/kg增加至2015年的596.21mg/kg.浮游植物的高丰度加快了牧场区和对照区沉积物生物有效性磷的释放，造成TP含量呈减小趋势.牧场区由2010年的547.26mg/kg下降至2015年的317.25mg/kg，对照区由2010年的438.21mg/kg下降至2015年的342.97mg/kg.TP含量的空间分布由牧场区（547.26mg/kg） > 对照区（438.21mg/kg）转变为牧场区（317.25mg/kg） < 对照区（342.97mg/kg）.底栖动物对沉积物-水界面的营养盐交换通量的贡献较低，不是TP、TN变化的主导因素.牧场区DIN含量更易受到沉积物TN的影响，对照区PO₄^3--P的含量变化与TP保持了一致性.高溶解氧环境和高TN含量为牧场区提供了内源性的NH₄⁺-N.牧场区的N/P更接近最适值，海州湾海洋牧场建设取得了一定的生态修复效果.

Study on long-term environmental effects of marine ranching in Haizhou Bay

In order to explore the long-term environmental effects of marine ranching in the Haizhou Bay, concentrations of total nitrogen (TN) and total phosphorus (TP) in sediments,active phosphate (PO₄^3--N)and total dissolved inorganic nitrogen (DIN) in seawater, and phytoplankton and zoobenthos were investigated in marine ranching and control areas from 2010 to 2015. The results showed that TN in marine ranching areas were accumulated with the presence of artificial reefs and the cultivation of mussels and seaweeds. TN were increased from 266.62mg/kg in 2010 to 596.21mg/kg in 2015. The high abundance of phytoplankton promoted the release of available phosphorus in sediments that collected from marine ranching and control areas. The concentration of TN in marine ranching area were decreased from 547.26mg/kg in 2010 to 317.25mg/kg in 2015, while the values were decreased from 438.21mg/kg in 2010 to 342.97mg/kg in 2015in the control area. The distribution of concentrations TP in marine ranching areas (547.26mg/kg) > control areas (438.21mg/kg) has been found to be changed to marine ranching areas (317.25mg/kg) < control areas (342.97mg/kg). The effect of zoobenthos on the nutrient exchange flux at the sediment-water interface has been determined not the dominant factor for variation of concentrations of TN and TP. The DIN in marine ranching area was susceptible to be TN. PO₄^3--N in the control areas was consistent with the change of TP in sediments. The high dissolved oxygen environment and the increase content of TN-N provided endogenous for marine ranching. Compared with the control areas, the N/P of marine ranching was closer to the optimum value, which showed marine ranching of Haizhou Bay had improved the local ecological and encirnomental quality.