区域尺度生态保护红线划定——以京津冀地区为例

将京津冀地区作为一个整体,采用遥感和GIS技术,选取水源涵养、水土保持、防风固沙3类生态系统服务以及土地沙化、水土流失2类典型生态问题,建立评价指标和评价模型,开展区域生态系统服务重要性和生态敏感性评价,定量揭示京津冀地区生态系统服务重要性和生态敏感性的空间分布特征;利用全国第二次土地调查数据明确的地块边界,确定生态保护红线边界.结果显示,京津冀地区生态保护红线面积6.68万km²,占研究区总面积的30.9%,主要分布在北部燕山山地、西部太行山山地和冀北坝上高原等区域;生态保护红线范围内的森林、草地二者面积比例比红线外高55.7%,红线范围内的植被NPP平均值比红线外高23.5%,划定结果符合“以较小面积获取较大服务”原则,适于作为京津冀地区最重要、最需要严格管控的生态空间.

Delimiting the ecological conservation redline at regional scale: A case study of Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region

Delimiting the ecological conservation redline is important to promote the coordinated development of Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region, which plays an important role in the management and control integration of ecological space in the whole area. Five typical factors including water conservation, soil conservation, sand fixation, land desertification and soil erosion were selected to establish evaluation models of ecosystem service importance and eco-environmental sensitivity by using Remote Sensing (RS) and Geographic Information System (GIS) technology in the present study. A research was conducted on ecosystem service importance and eco-environmental sensitivity to reveal their spatial features in a quantitative way, and define the boundaries of ecological conservation redline using the data of the Second National Land Cover Census in Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region. Results showed that the area of ecological conservation redline in Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region was 66800km², accounting for 30.9% of the total area of Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region. The ecological conservation redline were distributed in Yanshan Mountain, Taihangshan mountain and Bashang plateau of Hebei province. The main land use types were forestland and grassland with the areas of 77.9% of total protection area in ecological conservation redline, which is 55.7% higher than the outside of ecological conservation redline; and the annual average NPP in ecological conservation redline is also 23.5% higher than the outside of ecological conservation redline in Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region. Therefore, the results are in conformity with the principle of "smaller areas get larger ecosystem services". The ecological conservation redline can be regarded as the most important areas that need to be strictly protected in Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region.