黑龙江省近12年甲醛柱浓度时空变化及其影响因素

利用OMI传感器数据,研究黑龙江省2005~2016年对流层甲醛柱浓度时空分布特征,并探究甲醛柱浓度的主要影响因素.结果表明：近12年甲醛柱浓度值整体呈上升趋势,平均增速为0.43×10¹⁵（molec×a）/cm²,2005~2013年逐年加剧,2013~2014年小幅回降,2014~2016年趋于平稳;四季甲醛浓度水平为：夏季>秋季>冬季>春季;月均变化趋势符合正弦曲线分布,年内甲醛柱浓度最低值一般出现在2~3月,最高值一般在6~7月;空间整体分布具有明显梯度,呈现“南高北低”状态,高值区主要分布在哈尔滨市、大庆市等南部地区,低值区分布在大兴安岭地区、黑河市等地区;空间浓度变化显著,2005~2008年全省在1~4级水平污染内,2009年起首次出现6级污染,2009~2013年6级水平污染区域扩大,2014年6级水平污染区域明显缩小,2014~2016年以4~6级水平污染为主且分布均匀;甲醛柱浓度分布对地形地貌、风向、气温、降水变化均会产生响应,能源消费、工业生产、汽车保有量、建筑装修、化肥施用等是甲醛柱浓度变化的重要影响因素.

Spatial-temporal changes of tropospheric HCHO column density and its impact factors over Heilongjiang Province during 2005~2016

The remote sensor data derived from the Ozone Monitoring Instrument (OMI) were used to study the temporal and spatial distribution characteristics of urinary formaldehyde column concentrations in Heilongjiang province from 2005 to 2016, and the main influencing factors of formaldehyde column concentration were explored. The results showed an upward trend of formaldehyde column concentration in the past 12 years as a whole, with an average growth rate of 0.43×10¹⁵(molec×a)/cm². The frequency of formaldehyde column concentration revealed a trend of fluctuations in different years. For instance, from 2005 to 2013, the concentration saw a trend of rapid increase across the board. However, the data from 2013 to 2014 tended to more downward. The concentration from 2014 to 2016 remained to be stable. The concentration of formaldehyde decreased through the seasons with the highest in summer and the lowest in spring (levels:summer > autumn > winter > spring). The average monthly changes of formaldehyde column concentration were in accordance with the distribution of sinusoidal curve. The lowest value of formaldehyde concentration appeared in February to March, and the highest value was in June to July in general. The spatial distribution showed a clear gradient with "high in the south and low in the north" The high distribution districts were mainly gathered in the southern areas such as Harbin and Daqing, while the low-value areas were located in the DaXingAnLing and Heihe. The spatial density of formaldehyde column concentration varied significantly. From 2005 to 2008, the pollution value was within the Grade 1-4among Heilongjiang province. However, the pollution value jumped into the Grade 6for the first time in 2009. Not only the pollution level increased, but also the spatial distribution. From 2009 to 2013, the areas that were labeled Grade 6pollution expanded. While these areas saw a significant decrease in 2014, the pollution level remained between level 4to 6and distributed evenly from 2014 to 2016. The concentration distribution of a formaldehyde column could respond to the change of topography, wind direction, temperature, and precipitation. Energy consumption, industrial production, car ownership, building decoration, and fertilizer application were the important influencing factors for the shift in formaldehyde column.