我国生活垃圾分类发展历程、障碍及对策

推广生活垃圾分类收集与资源化利用有助于促进资源节约型、环境友好型社会建设.本文综述了我国生活垃圾分类发展历程；收集了国家和地方在推广生活垃圾分类过程中所做的工作；提炼出了生活垃圾分类过程中还存在的障碍和瓶颈；并给出了相应的对策.本文分析表明，我国生活垃圾分类经历了开始（20世纪90年代）、试点探索（2000~2015年）和快速发展（2016年至今）3个阶段.目前国家和地方正逐步采用可操作性强的垃圾分类方法、融合互联网+的宣传方式、实用性的法规章程、完善的分类收集-分类运输-分类处理循环链来推进生活垃圾分类，甚至生活垃圾分类工作还逐步向市场化方向发展.我国将走出一条切实可行、可复制、可推广的高效生活垃圾分类模式.后期加强全民参与及大众自觉回收的责任意识、出台更细化具体、操作性强的实施方案、重视学校儿童的垃圾分类教育、充分利用国内拾荒人员，对快速推进我国生活垃圾分类进程具有重要意义.

A review on municipal solid waste classification in China: development status,problems and countermeasures

Promoting municipal solid waste classified collection and resource utilization helps to facilitate the development of resource-saving and environment-friendly society. This paper reviews the development of China's municipal solid waste classification, collects the endeavours done by national and local authorities in the promotion, and extracts obstacles and bottlenecks during the process and countermeasures. This paper concludes that China's municipal solid waste classification has undergone three stages identified as begining (1990s), pilot exploration (2000~2015) and rapid development (2016 to now). At present, a highly operative waste classification method, propaganda way fused with Internet+, practical regulations and a progressively improved circulation chain (classified collection-classified transportation-classified treatment) are gradually adopted by national and local authorities to promote municipal solid waste classification. Even the classification of municipal solid waste is gradually progressing towards marketization. China will embark on a feasible, reproducible and promotional model of municipal solid waste classification. In the future, it is of great significance to rapidly promote the municipal solid waste classification in China by strengthening public participation and responsibility to recover, introducing more specific and highly operative implementation plans, emphasizing the classification education of school children, and making full use of domestic scavengers.