南昌市生活垃圾卫生填埋生命周期评价

卫生填埋法是当前我国处理城市生活垃圾的主要方式，依据生命周期评价理论及分析框架，借助eFootprint软件对南昌市卫生填埋法处理城市生活垃圾进行生命周期分析以期找出各处理过程的突出环境影响及原因并提出针对性改善建议.结果表明：卫生填埋法处理城市生活垃圾的主要环境影响类型为全球变暖（GWP）、初级能源消耗（PED）、水资源消耗（WU）、酸化（AP）、光化学臭氧合成（POFP）、生态毒性（ET）、淡水富营养化（FEP）；电力盈余作为副产品参与分配使得各环境影响类型指标潜值减小，其中最突出的是PED，其次是WU；收集运输过程最突出的环境影响类型为POFP，其次依次为ET、PED、FEP，该过程应减少柴油运输车使用，适量引用节能环保或清洁能源汽车；卫生填埋过程在垃圾处理各过程中产生的环境污染最大，该过程最突出的环境问题是AP，其次是GWP，再者是PED、FEP、ET，该过程应改善工艺以提升填埋气收集效率，采用清洁能源减少柴油使用；填埋气发电过程因填埋气发电产生盈余电力，实现能量回收后对环境的正效益，该过程应提升填埋气收集以及燃烧发电效率；渗滤液处理过程的环境影响较小，主要表现为WU和FED，需在注重节能的同时优化升级处理工艺，改善当前处置工艺存在的弊端并排除隐患.

Life cycle assessment of sanitary landfill of municipal solid waste in Nanchang

Sanitary landfilling method was the main way to deal with municipal solid waste in China. On the basis of the theory and analysis framework of life cycle assessment, the life cycle analysis of municipal solid waste disposal in Nanchang sanitary landfill was conducted with the aid of eFootprint software in order to find out the outstanding environmental impacts and reasons of various treatment processes and propose targeted improvement. The results showed that the main environmental impact types of sanitary landfills were global warming (GWP), primary energy demand (PED), resource depletion-water (WU), acidification (AP), photochemical ozone formation (POFP), Ecotoxicity (ET), and freshwater eutrophication (FEP). The distribution of electricity surplus as a by-product contributed to the reduction of the potential value of various environmental impact indicators, among which, the most prominent was PED, followed by WU. The most prominent type of environmental impact in the collection and transportation process was POFP, followed by ET, PED, and FEP. The use of diesel transporters should be reduced and energy-saving environmentally friendly or clean energy vehicles should be used moderately in this process. The environmental pollution caused by the sanitary landfill process was the largest. The most prominent environmental problem in this process was AP, followed by GWP, PED, FEP and ET. The landfill gas collection efficiency should be increased by improving the process and clean energy should be used to reduce diesel use in this process. The surplus power generated by landfill gas achieved positive environmental benefits after energy recovery. The efficiency of landfill gas collection and combustion electricity production need to be enhanced in this process. The environmental impact of the leachate treatment process was relatively small, mainly represented by WU and FED. It was necessary to optimize the upgrading process while focusing on energy conservation, and to improve the existing drawbacks of the disposal process and remove hidden dangers.