工业废水重金属排放区域及行业分布格局

掌握工业废水重金属污染区域及行业分布格局, 是有针对性开展全国性重金属污染防控的必要前提. GIS空间分析表明, 2003-2010年间, 工业废水重金属Hg、Cd、Pb、As排放主要集中在以湖南为核心、包括江西、云南、广西在内的南方四省区, 和北方甘肃、陕西两省, 而广东、福建、浙江、江苏等东部沿海省区Cr6+排放所占比重较大; 在行业分布格局方面, 南方和北方省区的重金属污染主要与当地有色金属、黑色金属矿采选、冶炼和加工行业密切相关, 而东部沿海地区则更多与当地电子、电器、运输设备制造业、化工、金属制品、纺织、皮革制品等行业密切相关.各地区、不同行业、不同类别重金属排放特征及减排成效存在较大差异, 反映了工业废水重金属防控亟需多学科研究技术支撑.

Spatial and industrial distribution pattern of heavy metals emission in industrial waste water

It’s necessary precondition to know about spatial and industrial distribution pattern of heavy metals emission in industrial waste water that carry out national prevention and control. The spatial analysis based on GIS showed that Hg、Cd、Pb、As emissions are mainly concentrated in 4 southern provinces including Hunan, Jiangxi, Guangxi and Yunnan, and 2 northern provinces, Gansu and Shaanxi; Cr6+ concentrated in 4 eastern coastal provinces including Guangdong, Fujian, Zhejiang, Jiangsu. The pollutions in southern and northern provinces were closed connected with local resources dependent industries such as mining, smelting and processing ferrous or non-ferrous metal ores; the pollutions in eastern coastal a provinces are related with the manufacture industries such as metal products, transport or electrical machinery, communication equipment, chemical products etc. There are huge differences on heavy metals discharge characteristics and emission reduction rate among provinces and industries, which reflects that national prevention and control of heavy metal pollution dependent upon multidisciplinary research support.