烟花爆竹燃放对大气污染物及PM2.5组分影响

为了解烟花爆竹燃放对保定市大气污染物和PM_2.5中水溶性离子及有机碳（OC）、元素碳（EC）浓度的影响，对保定市春节期间大气污染物和颗粒物组分的浓度特征进行了分析，并评估了烟花爆竹的贡献.结果表明： 2019年春节期间烟花爆竹集中燃放期PM_2.5、PM₁₀、SO₂、NO₂、CO平均浓度比非集中燃放期分别增加了1.3、1.0、1.1、0.4、0.02倍；保定市春节期间禁燃措施施行后，除夕、初一2d污染物平均浓度、最高浓度和高浓度持续时间均明显下降，集中燃放期烟花爆竹燃放对PM_2.5、PM₁₀和SO₂浓度贡献量从50%左右（2018年、2017年）下降至30%左右（2019年），其中SO₂贡献量下降幅度超过PM_2.5和PM₁₀；组分分析表明，接待中心站点（主城区）、涿州站点（区县建成区）烟花爆竹燃放期K⁺、Mg²⁺、Cl^-浓度在水溶性离子中的总占比分别为39.3%、51.1%，比非燃放期的占比显著上升；烟花爆竹燃放对PM_2.5中K⁺、Mg²⁺、Cl^-浓度贡献率在50%以上，其中对K⁺贡献占比高达89.0%，涿州站点SO₄^2-、K⁺、Mg²⁺、Cl^-的贡献量分别是接待中心站点的2.2、2.1、1.9、1.8倍，燃放期硫氧化率（SOR）、氮氧化率（NOR）相比于非燃放期均有一定程度的升高；集中燃放期OC、EC浓度较非集中燃放期分别升高了2.5、2.1倍，烟花爆竹燃放对OC影响大于EC.

Impacts of fireworks burning on atmospheric pollutants and water-soluble inorganic ions in PM2.5

In order to understand the impact of fireworks burning on the concentration of gaseous pollutants and water-soluble inorganic ions, organic carbon (OC) and elemental carbon (EC) in PM_2.5 in Baoding, the concentration characteristics of atmospheric pollutants and particulate components were analyzed and the contribution of fireworks was evaluated during the Spring Festival. The results showed that the average concentration of PM_2.5, PM₁₀, SO₂, NO_2,and CO during the centralized discharge of fireworks in 2019 increased by 1.3, 1.0, 1.1, 0.4, and 0.02 times, respectively, compared with the non-centralized fire period. After the implementation of the burning ban during the Spring Festival in Baoding City, the average concentration, maximum concentration and duration of high concentration of pollutants on New Year's Eve and the first day all decreased significantly. During the centralized discharge period of fireworks, the contribution of fireworks to the concentration of PM_2.5, PM₁₀ and SO₂ decreased from about 50% (2018 and 2017) to about 30% (2019), of which SO₂ contribution decreased more evidently than that of PM_2.5 and PM₁₀. In addition, the component analysis showed that the proportion of total K⁺, Mg²⁺, and Cl^- concentrations in water-soluble ions accounted for 39.3% and 51.1% respectively, at the reception center site (main urban area) and Zhuozhou site (district-county built-up area) during fire period, the fractions of which were significantly higher than those in non-fire period. The contribution of fireworks to the concentration of K⁺, Mg²⁺, and Cl^-in PM_2.5 was more than 50%, of which the contribution to K⁺ was as high as 89.0%. The contribution of SO₄^2-, K⁺, Mg²⁺, and Cl^-at the Zhuozhou site was 2.2, 2.1, 1.9, and 1.8 times that of the reception center site, respectively. The sulfur oxidation rate (SOR), nitrogen oxidation rate (NOR), OC, and EC concentrations in the discharge period increased to a certain extent compared with the non-discharge period, in which OC and EC increased by 2.5 and 2.1 times, respectively, showing fireworks and firecrackers affect OC more than EC.