红树林生态开发现状与对策研究

以红树林生态开发方式多样的印度尼西亚、马来西亚、越南、肯尼亚、美国、澳大利亚和巴西，及中国的广东省、广西省、海南省、福建省、浙江省、台湾省、香港和澳门特别行政区为例，总结了国内外红树林生态开发现状和存在的问题，并提出了对策和建议.红树林现有的生态开发方式主要包括生态养殖、植物利用、生态旅游、自然教育和科学研究等方面，且存在地域差异.国内红树林生态开发存在保护与开发利用失衡、生态开发模式简单、生态开发经济效益低下、规划管理和相关政策滞后、区域合作不足的问题.提出对策：①协调发展，缓解保护与开发的矛盾；②因地制宜，推进多元化生态开发；③科学评估，提升生态开发经济效益；④完善相关政策和规划，推动区域合作与科学研究.

Study on the current situation and countermeasures of mangrove ecological exploitation

In this study, Indonesia, Malaysia, Vietnam, Kenya, the United States, Australia and Brazil, with diverse mangrove ecological exploitation; as well as Guangdong province, Guangxi province, Hainan province, Fujian province, Zhejiang province, Taiwan province, Hong Kong Special Administrative Regions and Macao Special Administrative Regions of China were selected as the research areas. This study systematically summarized the current status and existing problems of ecological development for domestic and foreign mangroves, and also put forward corresponding countermeasures and suggestions. The results showed that: The existing mangrove ecological exploitation mainly includes ecological breeding, plant utilization, ecotourism, nature education, scientific research, etc. With regional differences. Mangrove ecological exploitation in China existed many problems, including imbalance between protection and utilization, simple ecological development model, low economic benefits of ecological development, lagging planning management and related policies, and insufficient regional cooperation. Propose countermeasures: ①coordinate development to alleviate the contradiction between protection and development; ②promote diversified ecological development based on local conditions; ③improve the economic benefits of ecological development by scientific evaluation; and ④improve relevant policies and plans to promote regional cooperation and scientific research.