黄渤海区域水产品中全氟烷基物质的分布特征

选取黄渤海区域水产品生产、消费水平较高的23个城市，采集鱼类、海洋贝类、甲壳类、头足类及海珍品（海参、鲍鱼）等5类水产品共1225个样本，采用超快速液相色谱-串联质谱法测定了23种全氟烷基物质（PFASs）的含量，并分析了黄渤海区域水产品中PFASs的残留水平及分布特征.结果表明，黄渤海区域水产品中PFASs的残留水平具有明显的组分差异、城市分布及品种分布差异等特征.在23种PFASs组分中，共检出20种PFASs，其中全氟辛烷磺酸（PFOS）和全氟辛酸（PFOA）的检出率最高，分别为79.1%和71.7%，且PFOA的质量浓度占比最高（64.5%），为首要污染组分；在不同采样点样本中，莱州湾近岸的潍坊、滨州和东营，渤海湾近岸的沧州以及辽东湾近岸的营口为PFASs总质量浓度（∑PFASs）较高的城市，残留水平范围为10.2~16.8μg/kg；在不同品种样本中，检出PFASs组分的数量由高到低为：鱼类（20种） > 海洋贝类、甲壳类（18种） > 海珍品（16种） > 头足类（10种），其中海洋贝类、海珍品样本中检出率最高的是PFOA，鱼类、甲壳类样本中检出率最高的是PFOS，而头足类则是全氟辛烷磺酰胺（PFOSA）；通过计算不同水产品中PFASs各组分的平均含量发现，PFOA、PFOS、全氟十一烷酸（PFUdA）和PFOSA在不同品种中平均含量相对较高，且表现出较为明显的组分差异性；通过计算危害指数（HR）评价人体暴露于PFASs的健康风险，得到PFASs各组分的危害指数均 < 1，说明黄渤海区域水产品中残留的PFASs对消费者的潜在健康风险较低.

Distribution of perfluoroalkyl substances in aquatic products in coastal and adjacent areas of the Yellow Sea and Bohai Sea,China

A total of 1225 samples of fish, marine shellfish, crustaceans, cephalopods and rare marine animals including sea cucumber and abalone, were collected from 23 cities with high production and consumption of aquatic products in coastal and adjacent areas of the Yellow Sea and Bohai Sea, China. The concentrations of 23 kinds of perfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) were determined by ultra-fast liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (UFLC-MS/MS), and the distribution characteristics of PFASs in these areas were investigated. The contamination by PFASs in aquatic products changed depending on the components of PFASs, the species of aquatic products, and the sampling sites in this study. Among the 23 PFASs tested, 20 PFASs components were detected. Perfluorooctanesulfonic acid (PFOS) and perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) had the highest detection rates, 79.1% and 71.7%, respectively, which were the dominant components. Compared with PFOS, the detection level of PFOA contributed to 64.5% of total PFASs concentrations in aquatic product samples, indicating that PFOA was the major threat to the safety of aquatic products. The relatively high concentration of total PFAS was found in Weifang, Binzhou and Dongying near the Laizhou Bay, Cangzhou near the Bohai Bay and Yingkou near the Liaodong Bay, and the levels were 10.2~16.8 μg/kg. The number of detected components of PFASs in different aquatic products species showed the following trend: fish (20) > marine shellfish, crustaceans (18) > rare seafood (16) > cephalopods (10). The most frequently detected compounds in shellfish or rare seafood samples was PFOA, and the most frequently detected compounds among fish and crustacean samples was PFOS, while in cephalopods was perfluorooctane sulfonamide (PFOSA). By calculating the average contents of individual component of PFASs in different aquatic products, it was found that the average contents of PFOA, PFOS, perfluoroundecanoic acid (PFUdA) and PFOSA were relatively high, and the obvious differences were observed in different components. The results of risk assessment indicated that the contamination concentrations of PFASs in aquatic products in coastal and adjacent areas of the Yellow Sea and Bohai Sea would not give rise to timely harm to the consumers.