湿地变化对双台河口自然保护区服务功能的影响

运用GIS和遥感技术分析了1988~2012年双台河口自然保护区土地利用和湿地的动态变化,并运用中国陆地生态系统服务单位面积价值的平均值分析了该保护区的生态系统服务价值变化情况,并对湿地变化与生态服务功能的关系进行了分析.结果表明,1988~2012年,双台河口国家级自然保护区所有天然湿地类型均有不同程度的减少,面积比例由93.83%减少至77.25%,芦苇湿地和典型滩涂、滩地面积减少最多;1988~2012年,双台河口国家级自然保护区生态服务功能总体上呈减少趋势,共减少了18.25%.就类型而言,耕地生态服务功能价值增加了4617元,水域生态服务功能价值减少了2012元,湿地生态服务功能价值减少了115133元;该保护区湿地对生态服务功能价值的贡献率最高,且远远超过其他地物类型的生态服务功能贡献率,但贡献率从1988年的75.07%下降至2012年的68.86%.由于该保护区开发建设活动频繁,不断侵占天然湿地,导致该自然保护区生态服务功能总体上呈下降趋势.

Impacts of wetland change on ecosystem services value of Shuangtaihekou Nature Reserve

The dynamic changes of land use and wetland of Shuangtaihekou Nature Reserve were analyzed from 1988 to 2012 through using the GIS and RS, then the changes of the ecosystem services value of Shuangtaihekou Nature Reserve were analyzed from the perspective of per unit area ecosystem services value of Chinese terrestrial ecosystems, and finally, the relations between the changes of wetland and the function of its ecological service. During the period of 1988~2012, any kind of natural wetland of Shuangtaihekou Nature Reserve witnessed some degree of shrinkage, with the area ratio falling from 93.83% to 77.25%. The reed wetland and bottomland shrank the most; during the same period, the ecosystem services value of Shuangtaihekou Nature Reserve showed a decreasing tendency, and decreased 18.25% totally. Specifically, the ecosystem services value of farmland increased 4617 yuan; that of waters, decreased 2012 yuan; and that of typical wetland, decreased 115133 yuan; in terms of the contribution rate to ecosystem services value, Shuangtaihekou Nature Reserve’s wetland ranks top, far beyond other land-use types; however, its contribution rate to ecosystem services value decreased from 75.07% in 1988 to 68.86% in 2012. The main cause for the decline of its ecological service function is the intense development activities.