藻毒素对鱼类肝脏的毒理学效应

以鱼类肝脏为靶器官,研究了藻毒素对鱼类的毒性影响.结果表明,藻毒素在注射和口服两种不同的染毒方式下,均可引起受试鱼类发生急性中毒死亡.对中毒鱼类进行解剖分析发现,受试鱼类的肝/体重比高于对照组.说明无论哪种给药方式,藻毒素都会迅速地、专一地作用于鱼类肝脏,引起鱼类肝脏充血红肿,出现血斑.通过对鱼类肝脏组织碱性磷酸酶(ALP)同功酶谱的分析,可以发现在两种不同染毒条件下藻毒素各剂量组的ALP同功酶谱与对照组相同,均有ALP₁1～ALP₅5条带,只是高剂量组较低剂量组ALP₁～ALP₃ 3条带的着色深,并可使ALP同功酶各组分的相对活性上升.试验结果显示,藻毒素具有极高的细胞选择性和专一生物活性,其在生物机体内所引发的许多细胞学变化主要是对生物体肝脏酶系统的破坏所致,必须引起人们的重视.

Toxicological effects on the fish liver by microcystins

The toxic influence of Microcystins(MC) of fish liver was studied. Results show that MC could cause the acute toxicity death in the tested fishes under two different toxic method of injecting on and taking orally. Through dissection, the ratio of the weight of liver to body in the test fishes was higher than that in the control group. It explored that under any toxic method MC could rapidly and concentratively affect the fish liver causing its hyperemia, red and swollen (stains). After analyzing, the pedigrees of ALP isoenzyme of the fish liver it could be discovered that under two different toxic conditions, the ALP isoenzyme pedigrees of the MC dose groups were the same as those of the control groups. There were in both groups five belts of ALP1~ALP5; only the belts of ALP1~ALP3 of the higher groups were colored more deeply than those of the lower groups, so that the relative activities of components of ALP isoenzyme are raised. These results show that MC has very high selectivity of cell and concentrated bioactivity; and attention must be paid to many toxicological changes of the organism, caused by MC come mainly from destruction of the liver euzyme.