三种化感物质对水华混合藻类以及多刺裸腹蚤的毒性作用

为使脂肪酸和酚酸类化感物质能安全有效地用于实际水体水华的预防和控制,以池塘水华混合藻类以及浮游动物多刺裸腹蚤为实验对象,考察了亚油酸、水杨酸和对羟基苯甲酸对两者的毒性作用.结果表明,亚油酸对池塘水华混合藻类具有极高毒,当0.3mg/L时,对水华混合藻类的最大抑制率达到87.6%,水杨酸与对羟基苯甲酸为中毒;化感物质两两联合作用时均具有协同抑藻效应,亚油酸与水杨酸联合协同抑制作用最强;3种化感物质也从不同程度上显示出对多刺裸腹蚤的毒性作用,但亚油酸对多刺裸腹蚤属于高毒,水杨酸以及对羟基水杨酸属于低毒,3者对多刺裸腹蚤的EC50均明显大于对池塘水华混合藻类的EC50,表明了利用这3种化感物质(尤其是亚油酸)来开发生物除藻剂的巨大潜能,同时也说明在可除藻的浓度范围内对环境的不良影响可能较小.

The toxic effect of three allelochemicals on natural algal assemblage and Moina macrocopa

To safely and effectively apply fatty acids and phenolic acids to control and prevent water-bloom,the article studied the toxicity of linoleic acid,salicylic acid and p-hydroxyhenzoie acid on natural algal assemblage of pond water and zooplankton Moina macrocopa.The results showed that linoleic acid had the strongest toxicity,while salicylic acid and p-hydroxyhenzoic acid had moderate toxicity on the natural algal assemblage of pond water,when the concentration of linoleic acid was 0.3megL,the biggest inhibitory ratio was up to 87.6%.The collective activity of a mixture of two allelochemicals were also examined and the synergistic growth inhibition on the natural algal assemblage were proved,in which the mixture of linoleic acid and salicylic acid had stronger toxicity.The three allelochemicals to some extent also showed toxicity on Moina macrocopa,but linoleic acid had stronger toxicity,while salicylic acid and p-hydroxybenzoic acid had lower toxicity on Moina macrocopa.the EC50s of the three alleioehemicals on Moina macrocopa was far higher than the EC50s on the natural algal assemblage,which indicated that there exists great potential for using the three allelochemicals,especially linoleic acid,to be developed biological algicide agent while no evident toxicity on environment within the concentrations of controling the growth of water-bloom algae.