贵州地区酸雨作用下典型森林植被冠层淋溶规律研究

选择贵州龙里生态园为研究区域,对当地马尾松林和针阔混交林2种典型植被的冠层穿透水化学特征进行了比较,分析了酸雨作用下植被的冠层淋溶规律.对2007年6月～2008年11月的监测数据的分析结果表明,酸雨经过森林冠层后,pH值明显升高,针阔混交林对酸雨的缓冲性能优于马尾松林.在常年酸沉降作用下,2种冠层对NH4+具有较强的吸收作用,对NO3-也有一定的吸收,对当地土壤酸化起到了一定的缓冲作用.通过雨量加权计算,研究区森林冠层析出量最大是Mg2+、K+、Ca2+等营养元素离子,长期的酸雨影响易造成森林营养亏损.

Typical forests' leaching characteristics during acid rain in Guizhou

From June 2007 to November 2008, the throughfalls of masson pine and mixed wood was collected and measured at Longli experimental plot in Guizhou province. The acidity and chemical composition of throughfalls were analyzed with statistical methods to reveal the leach characteristics and seasonal tendency of local acid rain. pH values of precipitation increased obviously after getting through the crowns, and mixed wood had a better cushioning effect against acid rain than masson pine. Under the action of acid deposition in the perennial, crowns of masson pine and mixed wood had a certain absorption of NH4+ and NO3-, which could mitigate local soil’s acidification. Acid rain induced nutrient ions such as Mg2+, K+ and Ca2+ to leach and lose.