2000~2010北京大气重污染研究

根据北京市环境保护局公布的大气污染数据及气象部门公布的气象资料,用时间序列分析法对空气污染指数大于200的大气重污染做了系统分析.结果表明,北京大气重污染可分为静稳积累型、沙尘型、复合型以及特殊型4个类型,2000~2010年各类型发生次数分别为69、53、23、6次.从季节分布看,北京大气重污染主要集中在春季和秋冬季,其中春季以沙尘型为主,而秋冬季大部分为静稳积累型.从年际变化看,21世纪初期沙尘天气活跃,造成了北京大气重污染的高峰期,2003~2005年大气重污染有所回落,2006年受沙尘天气明显增多及大规模奥运建设的共同影响,北京大气重污染再次出现明显峰值;2007年北京沙尘天气明显减少,但静稳积累型重污染相对突出;2008年奥运减排措施效果显著,全市静稳积累型重污染降至历史最低,其后则呈缓慢上升趋势.大气重污染既呈现区域共性,也受局地环境影响.定陵站大气重污染全部为沙尘型;近年来随着首钢的减产、搬迁,石景山区古城站大气重污染明显减少;而受周边大规模城市建设影响,奥体站大气重污染表现相对突出.

The analysis of heavy air pollution in Beijing during 2000～2010.

Using air pollution data and meteorological data published by the local authorities,heavy air pollution,which means the Air Pollution Index >200,were closely examined in Beijing by means of time series analysis.There were 4 types of heavy air pollution in Beijing: namely the meteorological stagnant-accumulated,the sand-dust caused,the combined,and the special,which happened 69,53,23 and 6 times respectively,during 2000~2010.The four types of heavy air pollution presented in different seasons.Most of the sand-dust caused occurred in spring and the stagnant-accumulated mainly in fall and winter.There were yearly variations in the occurrences of the heavy air pollution in Beijing.Since sand-dust storms were in an active period,the occurrence became frequent during 2000~2002,then fell off during 2003~2005,followed by a peak in 2006 due to both dust-storm and large-scale construction for the 2008 Olympic facilities.In 2007,the stagnant-accumulated remained at a relatively high level,and in 2008 it occurred the least times because of effective countermeasures taken before and during the Olympic Games to cut down emission.Nevertheless,the present of stagnant-accumulated bounced back slowly afterwards although its occurrence was still less than before 2008.Heavy air pollution in Beijing was not only a regional scale problem,but also affected by local pollution sources.The heavy pollution at Dingling Station was all sand-dust caused,and its frequency dropped obviously at Gucheng Station in accordance with the cutting of producing and finally moving out of a big steel plant nearby,while it became more severe at Aoti Station because of the extensive city construction around.