土壤农用地膜微生物降解研究进展

地膜可保持土壤湿度，调节土壤温度及限制杂草生长从而促进农作物增产，在现代农业生产中具有不可或缺的作用.然而，地膜主要成分聚乙烯（PE）性质稳定，难以降解，极易在农田土壤中残留并积累.此外，地膜在生产过程中添加邻苯二甲酸酯类（PAEs）作为塑化剂，该类有机物极易在土壤和水体环境中积累和迁移，且生物毒性大，对生态环境、粮食安全和人体健康构成极大威胁.聚乙烯和邻苯二甲酸酯复合污染是土壤有机污染治理的重点和难点.因此，农用地膜污染土壤修复是环境科学研究的重要课题，亦是作物生产安全和人类健康的重要保障.微生物降解的生物修复较物理化学技术具有效率高、无二次污染、成本低、环境扰动小等优点，具有广泛应用前景.由此，本文综述农用地膜使用和土壤残留现状及其生物降解的研究进展，以期为地膜污染农田土壤的生物修复提供基础信息和技术参考.

Progresses in microbial degradation of agricultural soil mulches

Plastic film mulching can increase crop yields by maintaining soil moisture, regulating soil temperature and limiting weed growth, thus plays an indispensable role in modern agricultural production. However, its predominant component polyethylene (PE) is stable and resistant to degradation thus being accumulated in farmland soils. In addition, phthalates (PAEs) are added as plasticizers during plastic film production, which are readily being accumulated and transported in soil and water environment, together with the high biotoxicity, posing great threats to the environment, plant, animal and human. The multi-contamination of PE and PAEs is one of the most difficult form in soil organic pollution remediation. Therefore, how to remediate plastic film mulching soils attracts increasing attention in scientific researches and plays an important role in ensuring crop production safety and human health. Compared to physical and chemical methods, bioremediation using microbial degradation shows advantages in high efficiency, no secondary pollution risk, lower cost, and less environmental disturbance. As such, the present status of agricultural film mulching application and residue in soils, and the research progress of biodegradation were reviewed in order to provide basic information and technical supports for bioremediation of organic film pollutants in farmland soils.