中国分省道路交通二氧化碳排放因子

基于本地化的综合移动源排放模型（Motor Vehicle Emission Simulator，MOVES）模型模拟典型机动车的CO₂排放因子，并建立排放因子与速度变化关系的评估方程，结合各省路网平均速度与区域电网排放因子核算中国31个省份分车型的CO₂排放因子.同时，综合考虑载客汽车的载客量和客座率，载货汽车的载重量和载货率，建立各省单位客运，货运周转量的机动车CO₂排放因子库.结果表明，各类机动车的平均CO₂排放因子分别为：柴油公交车0.880kgCO₂/km，重型货车0.877kgCO₂/km，电动公交车0.676kgCO₂/km，中型货车0.508kgCO₂/km，轻型货车0.374kgCO₂/km，柴油小客车0.227kgCO₂/km，微型货车0.216kgCO₂/km，汽油小客车0.203kgCO₂/km，电动小客车0.108kgCO₂/km，摩托车0.062kgCO₂/km.车辆满载时，柴油公交车和电动公交车的人均CO₂排放量比汽油小客车分别降低了63%和73%，电动小客车的人均CO₂排放量较汽油和柴油小客车分别下降了46%和51%.较高的机动车保有量，频繁的道路拥堵导致上海，北京和重庆等市的机动车CO₂排放因子相对较高.倡导公共交通，提高客座率，降低私家车使用频率，推广纯电动汽车并通过减少道路拥堵以提高车速是降低道路交通CO₂排放量的有效途径.

Study on CO2 emission factors of road transport in Chinese provinces

This study simulated the CO₂ emission factors of typical motor vehicles based on the localized MOVES (Motor Vehicle Emission Simulator) model, and established the evaluation equation of the relationship between emission factors and velocity. Combined with the average speed of road network in each province and the CO₂ emission factors of regional power grid, the CO₂ emission factors of different vehicles in 31provinces of China were obtained. Meanwhile, the vehicle CO₂ emission factors database for per passenger turnover and per freight turnover in each province was established, combined with the passenger capacity and occupancy rate of passenger cars, the load capacity and cargo carrying rate of trucks, The results of average CO₂ emission factors of different motor vehicles were shown as follows: 0.880kgCO₂/km of diesel bus, 0.877kgCO₂/km of heavy-duty truck, 0.676kgCO₂/km of electric bus, 0.508kgCO₂/km of medium-duty truck, 0.374kgCO₂/km of light-duty truck, 0.227kgCO₂/km of diesel passenger car, 0.216kgCO₂/km of mini-duty truck, 0.203kgCO₂/km of gasoline passenger car, 0.108kgCO₂/km of electric passenger car and 0.062kgCO₂/km of motorcycle. Compared with gasoline minibuses, the per capita CO₂ emissions of diesel buses and electric buses reduced by 63% and 73% respectively. The per capita CO₂ emissions of electric passenger car fell 46% and 51% compared with gasoline and diesel passenger car. Higher vehicle stock and more frequent road congestion of road network led to higher vehicle CO₂ emission factors in Shanghai, Beijing and Chongqing. Hence, it was an effective way to reduce road transport CO₂ emissions by advocating public transport, reducing the use frequency of private cars, promoting electric vehicles and increasing speed by reducing road congestion of road network.